International Journal of Agricultural Technology

Nutritional evaluation of santol (Sandoricum koetjape) and the effects of santol flesh extract on Drosophila melanogaster.

Aphichartphankawee, S. — 2025-05-18

Santol (Sandoricum koetjape) fruit was low in calories and deficient in vitamins B1, B2, and C, but it is a rich source of potassium, containing 156.05-188.48 mg per 100 g. The first filial (F1) generation was observed on the 3^rd day after emergence, and survival rates exceeded 90% at all concentrations. In climbing assays, a 100 mg/mL concentration reduced climbing speed over a 10 cm distance by 9.35 times in the P generation and 7.74 times in the F1 generation compared to control. At this concentration, the adult emergence rate decreased to 53%, and body weight in both generations was reduced. However, no difference in body weight was observed at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/mL compared to controls. These findings indicated that santol fruit is a good source of potassium, but high concentrations of santol extract negatively impact the health and performance of D. melanogaster.

Response of coriander plants to spray with vermicompost tea and biofertilization under organic farming system

Badawy, M. Y. M. — 2025-05-18

The results showed that spraying vermicompost tea at various dilutions significantly gave better growth, yield, and essential oil parameters than the untreated plants. Biofertilization also resulted in considerably more significant vegetative growth, yield, and oil measures than the control. According to treatments, linalool was the main component of fruit essential oil, with a range of 72.91 to 77.54%. This study advised organic growers to spray coriander with prepared vermicompost tea at a 1:4 v/v dilution and apply biofertilization as a soil drench throughout the vegetative development stage to enhance all attributes.

Semen evaluation of Boer breeder bucks as influenced by lysine supplementation.

Balbin, A. J. M. — 2025-05-18

Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used biotechnology tool applied to improve reproduction and genetics in livestock. The viability of the sperm cells is the most important factor to ensure successful insemination which can be achieved through proper nutrition management. The effect of amino acid supplementation, particularly additional of lysine in the diet of breeder bucks is studied. The production performance and quality of sperm cells produced by semen donors without supplementation (T₁) is differentiated with donors receiving 1.75% lysine or low rate (T₂), 2.45% or moderate rate (T₃), and 3.15% or high rate of supplementation (T₄) within two periods: Period 1 (Days 1-21) and Period 2 (Days 22 and onwards). The results showed that with lysine supplementation regardless of rate, animals are heavier than the animals that were not supplemented (p<0.05). Lysine supplementation positively affected on animal’s libido in terms of period consumed and the number of mountings before a successful ejaculation (p<0.05). The volume of semen increased (p<0.001); while sperm cell concentration, motility, fast progressive, slow progressive, circle and local motility rates were not significantly affected; however, positive effect on rate of immotile (p<0.01) and velocity (p<0.05) was observed. Considering all parameters, Treatment 2 lysine supplementation resulted to improve animal production and higher viability of sperm cells in both fresh and frozen-thawed state. Thus, 1.75% of lysine is recommended for inclusion to daily dietary concentrate ration.

Effect of supplemented liquid pigments in the diet on growth performance and body skin color of Jewel cichlid (Hemichromis lifalili) fish.

Chunwijitra, S. — 2025-05-18

The weight, average daily gain (ADG), and body skin color values of Jewel cichlid (Hemichromis lifalili) fish were measured on the 0, 30, 60, and 75 days of the experiment. The fish received liquid feed for the first 60 days and no supplementary feed from day 61 to 75. The body weight and ADG of fish raised for 0-30, 0-60, and 0-75 days was not statistically significant differences (p<0.05). However, it was found that fish fed with the supplemented different pigments had different L* and a* values at each stage of the experiment, i.e. when fish were fed with diets containing natural capsanthin and synthetic astaxanthin for 60 days, the L^* and a* color values were higher than those of the other groups. The L*, and a* values were lowered after the liquid pigments supplementation was withdrawn.

Concentration of Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, nutrient and dietary fiber digestibilities of Banana meal in Broilers

ANGELICA DURAIN — 2025-05-18

Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) is frequently used energy system to estimate energy concentration of an ingredient and diet in poultry. Meanwhile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) is commonly used to estimate nutrient digestibility values of particular ingredient in poultry like broiler. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, nutrient and dietary fiber digestibilities of banana meal in broilers was determined in this study. Results revealed that peeled banana meal was significantly higher (P<0.05) in terms of AME and AMEn in broiler than unpeeled banana meal with 3,369 and 3058 kcal/kg DM, respectively. But these energy values were less than the yellow dent corn with 3, 606 kcal/kg, DM. On the other hand, % ATTD of DM, GE and crude fiber of diets with banana meal were significantly higher (P<0.01) than corn-soy diet. Specifically, % ATTD of GE of diets with peeled banana meal was significantly higher (P<0.01) than diets with unpeeled banana meal. In conclusion, banana peeled meal can be used as an alternative feed energy source in broiler.

Enhancing the productivity of bush snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using organic fertilizer amendments.

EDEL GRACE GUMUWANG — 2025-05-18

Result showed that the sole application of 10 tons ha^-1 of processed chicken manure provided an immediate and significant yield enhancement in bush snap beans. Its combination with biochar and wood vinegar may provide an additional improvement in yield but may require a longer period of application. The addition of wood vinegar has a significant effect in controlling bean rust disease. The use of “Bokod” variety of bush snap bean produced a highly significant pod yield. For long-term and sustainable organic snap bean production, a combined application of 10 tons ha^-1of processed chicken manure, 10 tons ha^-1of biochar, and 5 ml L^-1 water of wood vinegar is used to optimize yield.

Plant regeneration of Dimocarpus scandes (Winit & Kerr) Boonsuk & Chantar. (Lamyai-Thao) by tissue culture technique.

Jitwetkul, A. — 2025-05-18

The minimum contamination percentage (25%) was recorded in the experiment using 0.2% mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) for 20 min, which was observed to be a 50% germination rate after 2 weeks of culture. The maximum germination rate (68%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), giving a shoot length of 48.00 mm. and root length of 31.40 mm. The optimal condition of nodal segment sterilization was recorded in the experiment using 0.1% HgCl₂ for 10 min, which gave 80% survival explants. For shoot induction, it was worked on MS solid medium with 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) that induced the highest average length of 11.31 mm. The highest root formation frequency (50%) and root length (3.0 mm) were achieved on an MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were acclimatized and established in the soil.

Needs for processing career promotion course to add value for freshwater fish farmers in Nakhon Sawan Province.

Khrueahong, J. — 2025-05-18

Results revealed that the respondents needed training courses for fish crackers, dried fish strips, sour pickled fish, fish sausage, and fermented fish. They needed a 1-2 days training course at the training place in the village during the off-season for rice growing. The participants should be around 21-30 persons and the training program that informed at least one week in advance. Training activities should focus on actual practice (91.50%) and the training organizer must be responsible for expenses (99.02%). Each time of the training should have only one topic ( = 3.55; S.D = 1.08). Assessment through observation during the training should be done ( = = 3.77; S.D. = 0.58) and assessment after the training must be conducted ( =3.75, S.D. = 0.79), For the training session, it should include demonstration ( = 4.23, S.D. = 0.67) actual practice ( = 4.40, S.D. = 0.61) and diverse use of media ( = 4.29, S.D. = 0.68). According to the comparison, there was a statistical difference between the needs for training and the socio-economic attributes of the respondents. The latter included sex, educational attainment, farmer group membership, number of household labor, and debts or sources of loans. A training course for value-added processing of freshwater fish has tended to develop for future training sessions with farmers.

Optimization of phytocannabinoid extraction from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with decarboxylation-based crude palm kernel oil and its potential as an energy supplement product for suckling piglets.

Kongkeaw, A. — 2025-05-18

This study investigated the extraction of phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) using medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil to evaluate their potential as energy supplements for suckling piglets and MCT emulsion formula with phytocannabinoids and highly concentrated lauric acid (EMPL prototype product). The most effective conditions were found at 12% hemp leaves in CPKO with a 6-hour heating period, resulting in the highest TPC (57.38 mg GAE/g DW), and antioxidant activities (DPPH: 34.43%, ABTS: 64.33%, and FRAP: 53.18%) (P<0.01). The obtained extract contained 0.016% cannabidiol (CBD), 0.015% cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), 0.029% total cannabidiol, along with 54.50% medium-chain fatty acids, 47.09% lauric acid, 96.48% total fat, and a gross energy content of 8,813 kcal/kg. The EMPL group showed significantly higher performance in average weight (2.00 kg), average daily gain (ADG) (132.59 g/piglet/day), and milk intake (552.01 ml/piglet) at 5 days old compared to the control group (P<0.01). These findings indicated that 12% hemp leaves extract in CPKO, heated for 6 hr at 110°C, significantly enhances antioxidant and phytocannabinoid content. An emulsion of medium-chain fatty acids with 40% lauric acid plus phytocannabinoids (EMPL) improved the growth performance and milk intake of piglets, demonstrating its potential as an effective and innovative energy supplement for suckling piglets.

Antibacterial potential of chitosan extracted from the shells of green mussels (Perna viridis; Linnaeus) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Lagmay, D. S. — 2025-05-18

This study focused on the characterization and determination of the antibacterial potential of the chitosan extracted from green mussel shells using microwave irradiation. Results showed that chitosan was successfully extracted from green mussel shells yielding a moisture content of 4% and a percentage yield of 1.92%. The result of FTIR analysis revealed different functional groups of organic compounds such as hydroxyl- (3637.17 cm^-1and 3324.31 cm^-1), amide- (1652.22 cm^-1), alkane/ether- (1026.24 cm^-1 and 963.82 cm^-1), and carbonate-containing compounds (2517.85 cm^-1, 1798.47 cm^-1, 1405.89 cm^-1, 871.51 cm^-1 and 711.65 cm^-1). Analysis from FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the Degree of Deacetylation (DDA) as 64.36%, making it suitable for biomedical applications. This study showed that the chitosan samples extracted from the green mussel shells showed antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus. While the chitosan treatments were not as potent as the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin and did not differ significantly from each other, they demonstrated greater inhibition compared to the negative control. Therefore, further comprehensive investigation could establish green mussel shell chitosan as a valuable natural source of antibacterial agents.

NaCl floatation method on physicochemical quality of Kaew Kamin mango during harvesting indices.

Lueangprasert, K. — 2025-05-18

It was found that harvesting stages were significantly affected the fruit quality. Fruit weight of Kaew Kamin mango followed a sigmoidal pattern. NaCl floatation method was not appropriated for determination of harvesting indices (HI) but could be used in cases where indicator for the quality assessment of fruits. SG2 group showed good properties for unripe mangoes, considering as physiological mature. The highest number of fruits in SG2 group (more than 80%) was harvested at 98 DAFB and considered as optimum physiological maturity stage for harvesting Kaew Kamin mango. Conclusively NaCl floatation method could be separated the Kaew Kamin mango quality grading in commercial and physiological maturity period.

Phenotypic stability of mutant sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tolerant to drought stress based on variations in morphological traits at the greenhouse scale

Mahfut Mahfut — 2025-05-18

One of the problems of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation due to unpredictable weather is stunted growth, which leads to decrease productivity. Efforts to enhance sugarcane productivity under drought stress can be achieved through plant breeding via mutation induction. Changes in phenotypic stability in mutants lead to morphological alterations that subsequently increase adaptability to water deficit stress. Previous research has resulted in 11 superior mutant sugarcane clones produced through colchicine induction from 4 drought-tolerant sugarcane varieties, namely GMP6, RGM047, RGM1183, and RGM186, at PT Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP). The identification and evaluation of the stability of five morphological traits of leaves and leaf sheaths need to be conducted on these 11 superior drought-resistant sugarcane clones in a greenhouse setting. All clones exhibited diversity in the morphological traits of leaf color and the ease of leaf sheath detachment, with a significance level of 0.05. A dendrogram from the phylogenetic relationship analysis formed three main clusters based on similarity in correlation coefficients, similarity index, taxonomic distance, and cluster analysis. Meanwhile, Principal Component Analysis of the five morphological traits formed two clusters, showing the total variation on two axes, with axis 1 accounting for 90.21% (eigenvalue 5.84) and axis 2 for 4.42% (eigenvalue 0.28), totaling 94.64% for both axes. The clustering was based on traits that strongly contributed to the grouping, namely leaf width, leaf blade curvature, leaf color, leaf sheath traits, and leaf sheath color.

The growth and yield of second-generation of shallot mutants caused by gamma-ray irradiation of Allium cepa var. Aggregatum

Marlin, M. — 2025-05-18

Genetic diversity can be enhanced through induced mutation, and gamma-ray irradiation is one effective method for inducing plant mutations. This research aimed to identify functional mutants that can serve as a source of seeds for shallot cultivation. The results indicated that gamma-ray irradiation influenced the growth and yield of second-generation shallot plants. The irradiation treatment led to an increase in the number of leaves, with the 100 Gy dose producing the highest average of 21.9 leaves per plant. The appearance of umbels began gradually following the gamma-ray irradiation, with the time for umbel emergence ranging from 33.4 to 61.5 days. Measurements of the umbel diameter showed an average range of 48 to 56.5 mm, and the average number of umbels per plant varied from 1 to 2.5. The control treatment without gamma-ray irradiation yielded lower results, suggesting that higher irradiation doses resulted in a greater number of umbels. Notably, the irradiation treatment with a dose of 125 Gy led to an increase in the number of stomata, with a maximum of 37.7 stomata observed. In contrast, untreated plants reached a maximum height and umbel stalk length of 44.2 cm and 56.8 cm, respectively. The presence of irradiation treatment is believed to induce changes in the genetic composition of the plants, which may contribute to variations in growth patterns.

Optimizing calcium levels for oil palm seedlings in solution culture

Nurul Mayzaitul Azwa Jamaludin — 2025-05-18

Oil palm seedlings grown in solution culture exhibited the best growth and physiological responses when treated with 1000 ppm calcium (Ca) from calcium chloride (CaCl₂). This concentration is significantly enhanced total biomass accumulation and improved vegetative parameters including seedling height, girth, root length, and number of leaves, compared to lower and higher Ca treatments. At 12 weeks, seedlings at 1000 ppm Ca showed significantly greater root length (27.08 cm), seedling height (41.85 cm), and girth (15.89 mm), alongside increased chlorophyll content (SPAD value of 55.48), indicating improved photosynthetic efficiency. Excess Ca (more than ≥ 2500 ppm) inhibited nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), due to antagonistic interactions, whereas 1000 ppm Ca maintained optimal macro-nutrient balance in both shoot and root sections. Ca concentration beyond this level led to reduced nutrient availability and poor growth performance, with 7000 ppm Ca showing the least favorable outcomes. The uptake of Ca was positively correlated with increased Mg concentration at optimal levels but decreased under excessive Ca conditions. The study demonstrated that 1000 ppm Ca not only optimizes growth parameters and biomass accumulation but also supports effective nutrient partitioning, making it the ideal concentration for oil palm seedling cultivation in hydroponic systems. These results provide critical insight for improving nutrient management strategies in oil palm nurseries to enhance early growth performance.

Efficacy of antagonistic bacteria for controlling fungal rice (Oryza sativa L.) pathogens.

Monkhung, S. — 2025-05-18

A total of 59 bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice in Tha-rang sub-district, Ban-Lham district, Phetchaburi province. The preliminary study was conducted using a dual culture assay to investigate the efficacy of antagonistic bacteria to control rice fungal diseases, which include Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. The result showed that 5 isolates: BL-44, BL-48, BL-55, BL-56 and BL-59 have an efficiency to control the fungal pathogens. The BL-59 isolate revealed a maximal percentage of mycelial growth inhibition against Curvularia spp. (65.67%) and Fusarium spp. (54.74%) and BL-44 isolate showed a maximal mycelial growth inhibition percentage (PIRG) against Rhizoctonia spp. (74.29%) (P<0.05) using PDA medium. Whereas, the inhibitory activity of BL-59, which performed on TSA medium had highly PIRG values of 93.33, 82.84 and 31.03% against Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. tested on TSA medium, respectively. The volatile assay revealed that BL-44 isolate showed the highest antifungal efficacy against Curvularia spp. (82.26%) and Fusarium spp. (67.86%), whereas BL-48 and BL-56 isolates showed the highest antifungal efficacy against Rhizoctonia spp. by 73.33 and 76.67%, respectively (P<0.05). Microscopic observation of the hyphal morphology of fungal diseases revealed the severely damaged hyphae, including deformation, loss of apical growth, and lysis. Furthermore, these bacterial isolates produced volatile compounds that inhibited mycelial growth and reduced pigment production. In addition, BL-44 and BL-56 isolates demonstrated temperature endurance from 20 to 50ºC. BL-48 and BL-59 demonstrated tolerate salinity levels ranging from 4 to 7% NaCl. BL-48, BL-56 and BL-59 isolates were identified as Enterobacter roggenkampii, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii based on 16S rRNA analysis. As a result, the antagonistic bacteria isolated from this study can be used as an alternative choice to control rice diseases caused by fungal pathogens.

The opinions on factors affecting the use of web-based learning by quality durian farmers in Rayong Province, Thailand

Naknat, N. — 2025-05-18

The majority of farmers who used the web-based learning system were male, aged 38.45 years, had lower than a bachelor’s degree, cultivated durian planting areas of more than five rai, had more than five years of experience in durian planting, accessed a learning channel on durian production through an application, frequently accessed media less than five times per day, and spent an average of less than five hours per day accessing online media. Farmers' opinions indicated that benefits and applications had the highest impact on web-based learning adoption (x̄ = 4.56), followed by content (x̄ = 4.41), design (x̄ = 4.40), and efficiency (x̄ = 4.26). Multiple regression analysis revealed that media access frequency (β = 0.29) and durian growing experience (β = 0.20) significantly predicted farmers' perceptions of design factors. These same variables strongly influenced content factors, with access frequency (β = 1.60) and growing experience (β = 0.78) as significant predictors. For usability factors, only education level emerged as significant (β = 0.18), while no demographic characteristics significantly influenced farmers' perceptions of WBL benefits and applications.

Physical characteristics of low-dairy, partial sucrose-substituted rice ice cream using young rice grain flour

Kattiyaporn Ngenchairoj — 2025-05-18

Low-dairy and low-sugar products have gained in popularity as people become aware of health issues. In addition, some individuals choose to limit dairy due to milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance. Immature rice grains or young rice grains might be a milk alternative as they can contain higher levels of protein and lower allergenicity than mature rice grains. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of young rice grain flour (YRF) on a low-dairy, low-sugar rice ice cream product. The effect of YRF on physical properties, including pH, viscosity of the ice cream mix and the overrun, color, hardness, first dripping time, and melting behavior of ice cream were investigated. The young rice ice cream was made with 10% rice bran oil, 1% whey protein isolate, 17% sweetener, 0.6% stabilizer/emulsifier and 2.5-3.5% (w/w) YRF. The experimental results showed that pH decreased and viscosity increased (p<0.05) with higher YRF content. Ice cream with added YRF tended to have lower overrun, higher different total color (ΔE) compared to control (without YRF addition). The hardness and first dripping time of the young rice ice cream significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing YRF content. Ice cream with 3.5% YRF melted faster than other formulas. This research demonstrated the potential of using young rice grain flour in low-dairy, low-sugar ice cream products for the first time. It introduces a novel application of young rice grain that has not been previously employed in ice cream production.

Microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment of itchgrass for fermentable sugar production

Joel Marc Ngohayon — 2025-05-18

Itchgrass, a relatively abundant weed in the Philippine cropland, was explored as a potential source of fermentable sugars. Microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment was used as a pretreatment method for itchgrass. The results showed that the treatment with high NaOH concentration (5% w/v), exposed to high microwave irradiation power (300 W), and subjected to a long reaction time (9 min) produced the most reducing sugar after pretreatment and saccharification. Additionally, the characterization of the pretreated itchgrass showed that 47.83% of the original lignin content and 41.02% of the original hemicellulose were removed after the pretreatment. Moreover, the microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment of itchgrass produced more reducing sugar after pretreatment and saccharification compared to the itchgrass pretreated with conventional heating alkali pretreatment. Overall results suggest that itchgrass is a good potential source of fermentable sugars, especially when pretreated using microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment.

Optimum potassium fertilizer rate for growth, biomass yield, and fuel properties of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) cv. Tarramba in sandy soil

Nitthaisong, P. — 2025-05-18

The results showed that the 187.5, 375 and 750 kg ha^-1 application rates increased plant height and stem diameter, while the control (0 kg ha^-1) showed a potassium deficit, resulting in stem dieback. High leaf, branch, and stem yield were found at application rates greater than 93.75 kg ha⁻¹, while plant height, stem diameter and biomass yield were slightly further increased in the 187.5, 375 and 750 kg ha^-1 treatments. Regarding fuel properties, the potassium application rate did not affect the heating value and ash content but decreased the N and S contents. The potassium content tended to increase with increased potassium application rate. However, the leucaena wood under all the treatments had suitable fuel properties for use as a fuel crop.

Intention of reducing food waste among Indonesian Gen Z: The role of religious beliefs, financial attitudes, and consumption cultures

Novanda, R. R. — 2025-05-18

The findings indicated a robust link between religious beliefs and intention (62.4%). The findings demonstrated a strong association of 62.4% between religious beliefs and intention. All factors demonstrated positive associations, underscoring their interrelated functions in shaping behavior. Religious beliefs significantly influenced Generation Z's to minimize food waste, highlighting the importance of religious values in behavioral formation. The predominant demographic of respondents was Muslim (85.63%) and Javanese (22.99%), including 63.79% women and 36.21% males, all between the age ranged of 18 to 28 years. Considering that these variables influenced behavior, including them in the policy-making process was imperative. The intimate connection between religious beliefs and behavioral intents highlights their joint influence, necessitating the consideration of both goals and religious convictions in strategy development. These findings underscored the significance of concentrating on the behaviors of Indonesia's young, the predominant group in the country. This emphasis was essential to develop policies that is enhanced the government's capacity to address environmental issues and reduced food waste.

Assessment of bioactive compounds and synergistic efffects from Miliusa sessilis plant against anthracnose diseases on mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. 'Nam Dok Mai Si Thong')

Pootaeng-on, Y. — 2025-05-18

Three bioactive neolignans: dehydrodieugenol A (dA), dehydrodieugenol B (dB), and miliusin A (mA) were purified from Miliusa sessilis (MSE). The bioactive compounds (dA, dB, mA, dB-mA, mA-dA and dB-dA) at concentrations of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm were carried out to determine antifungal activity for controlling Colletotrichum sp. The result showed that dB-dA at 5000 ppm inhibited mycelium growth by 43.46%, while dA and dB had a high fungal inhibition effect of 43.46% and 45.50%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in these compounds (p<0.01). Furthermore, the potential antifungal activity using poison food technique revealed the greatest percentage inhibition in significant difference (p<0.01) compared to control and all treatments at 1000 ppm of mA, dA and dB-dA as 76.07%, 75.38% and 74.79%, respectively. The MIC values of dA, dB-mA, mA-dA and dB-dA were 6.25 ppm exceptionally; dB and mA had higher MIC values (12.5 ppm). In vivo antifungal activity evaluation, MSE had efficacy to suppress and reduce lesions on mango fruits. These findings supported that the synergism of MSE and showed strong antifungal effects and could be developed as an alternative to synthetic fungicides.

Employing in-situ hydrogen peroxide generation to alleviate aquatic impact from methylene blue-contaminated water

Quimada, N. E. — 2025-05-18

The accumulation of dyes in aquatic environments poses significant ecological risks, and methylene blue (MB) is one such dye that requires effective removal. This study evaluated the efficiency of an electrolytic system for generating hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to decolorize MB. The process was optimized by examining the effects of pH, applied current, and activated carbon (AC) weight using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results indicated a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9446), demonstrating the robustness of the predictive model for decolorization. Increasing applied current, oxidation time, and AC weight improved color removal, while lower pH levels enhanced the process, consistent with electro-Fenton principles. The maximum color removal achieved was 57.51% under optimal conditions. Additionally, three hydrogen peroxide production methods—bubbling, electrolysis, and electrolysis with Fe²⁺ addition—were compared. The results showed that while bubbling alone was less effective for color removal, both electrolysis and electrolysis with Fe²⁺ significantly increased color removal, with electrolysis and Fe²⁺ addition proving to be the most effective method. This study highlights the potential of an electrolytic system for efficient dye decolorization, offering a promising solution for treating dye-contaminated water.

Effect of some litter based substrates on germination and growth of allepo pine plants Pinus halepensis (Mill.) in the nursery

Salaheddine Roula — 2025-05-18

Chemical analysis of the litter showed that the mixed litter contained a high concentration of essential fertilizing elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and has a pH close to the neutrality, which is conductive to the plant growth. The mixed litter gave the best germination rate with an average of 90%. In terms of growth parameters such as height, diameter at the base, and biomass of both aboveground and belowground part, the mixed litter outperformed the other types of litter as well as the control group. The findings of this study hold significant importance for reforestation practices, emphasizing the benefits of avoiding monoculture.

Factors affecting consumer purchasing decisions for quality durian in Rayong Province, Thailand

Sangdang, P. — 2025-05-18

The findings revealed that the majority of durian consumers were women. The average age was 36.97 years old. The majority were married and had a bachelor’s degree or higher. Most consumers worked for non-government businesses and earned an average monthly income of less than 20,000 Thai baht, living in a shared household of less than five people. The study found that the marketing mix factors found to be important to the decision to buy quality durian at the highest level consisted of price (mean = 4.35), product (mean = 4.33), service process (mean = 4.31), people (mean = 4.21), physical evidence (mean = 4.20), promotion (mean = 4.20), and place (mean = 4.14), respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that three key factors significantly influenced consumer purchasing decisions. From demographic variables, education level showed a significant negative relationship (β = -0.147, p = 0.038) and household size demonstrated a significant positive relationship (β = 0.153, p = 0.026). Among the marketing mix variables, only price emerged as a statistically significant predictor (β = 0.209, p = 0.049).

Effect of feeding system on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and economic return in Brahman crossbred cattle

Subepang, S. — 2025-05-18

The results indicated that the different feeding systems for three groups of Brahman crossbred cattle, such as a separated feeding group I followed by dried concentrate, SF-RDC, a separated feeding group II, followed by wet concentrate, SF-RWC and a FTMR-R group, which was not significantly showed the impact on animal body weight (including weight gain and average daily gain) and feed conversion ratio of all groups in the overall period. However, the SF-RDC group had the highest feed cost per gain (P<0.05). The dry matter intake, measured in grams per kilogram of metabolic body weight, which was significantly higher in the FTMR-R group than in the other treatment groups. In contrast, the nutrient intake and digestibility in the cattle was not significantly differed among the groups. In the SF-RWC and FTMR-R groups, the net profit (%) was higher than in the SF-RDC group. It concluded that separate feeding of rice straw and dried concentrate may not be practical as it decreased the net profit percentage.

Effects of probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on water quality and inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture

Sukkasem, K. — 2025-05-18

The infected white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) caused by Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus pose significant threats to white shrimp farming. Using probiotics for disease prevention and water quality improvement offers a promising eco-friendly alternative as it avoids chemical residues. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a probiotic formulation containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g. The probiotics were applied at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.1875 mL/L. White shrimp (average weight of 6 grams) were stocked at a density of one shrimp per liter for 15 days. Results demonstrated that ammonia levels were significantly lower in the treatments with probiotics compared to the control treatment. However, nitrite levels were elevated in the treatment. The probiotics did not affect temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity. Notably, the probiotic treatment effectively reduced Vibrio spp. in the system with bacterial counts markedly lower in treatment compared to the control. The survival rates of white shrimp following a challenge with Vibrio spp. were 90% and 96.67% for the treatments with 0.125 mL/L and 0.1875 mL/L of probiotics while the control treatment exhibited 0% survival by day 13. The probiotic treatments also enhanced the immune response of white shrimp by increased total hemocyte count and clearance efficiency. Thus, probiotics can effectively reduce Vibrio spp. and ammonia levels while improving white shrimp survival even under infectious conditions.

Production of herbal kombucha with agarwood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) leaves and its biological properties

Suwanposri, A. — 2025-05-18

Herbal kombucha from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) mixed with agarwood leaves (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) was produced and its biological activity was analyzed. After 14 days of static fermentation, it was found that all kombucha formulations had acetic acid levels ranging from 0.28±0.01% to 0.41±0.00%, alcohol levels from 1.07±0.15% to 1.32±0.08%, and total phenolic content from 3,577.78±96.86 to 8,066.67±905.13 µg/mL. DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 56.02±0.11% to 84.91±0.84%. The population of acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast ranged from 7.75±0.05 to 7.97±0.01 log CFU/mL, 7.63±0.07 to 7.98±0.02 log CFU/mL, and 7.59±0.04 to 7.89±0.017 log CFU/mL, respectively, which meet the standards of the Food and Drug Administration. Kombucha made from roselle and roselle mixed with agarwood leaves at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.05% inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, sensory evaluation scores for overall acceptability were in the range of like slightly to like moderately. It indicated that the production of herbal kombucha with agarwood leaves couble be suitable for commercial development.

Effect of supplementing red pigment from Monascus sp. fermented native black rice (Maepayathong Dum Rice) on production performance and egg quality in laying hens

Suwanposri, A. — 2025-05-18

The results indicated that the addition of red pigments led to a deeper-colored yolk compared to the control group, with the highest intensity observed at a 6% red pigments. Furthermore, the addition of red pigments is promoted the quality of chicken eggs and production performance. It indicated that Maepayathong dum rice could be used as a raw material for producing natural pigments to replace synthetic dyes in egg-laying hen feed.

Expression of Genes Associated with the Growth of Symbiotically Grown Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl.

MARY JHANE VALENTINO — 2025-05-18

The study evaluated the expression of genes related to the growth of symbiotically grown Dendrobium bigibbum were evaluated (biosynthesis/ signal transduction of auxin and gibberellins, common symbiotic pathway, and mycorrhizal-induced putative genes). Results revealed that the relative expression of genes were upregulated in D. bigibbum co-cultured with Volvariella volvacea. Meanwhile, in Lentinus tigrinus, DOSAUR71(seedling stage) was downregulated and the cycle treshhold value for DoSWEET14 was unchanged. In D. bigibbum co-cultured with Pleurotus florida, downregulation of GA3ox (seedling stage), DOSAUR71 (rhizoid and seedling stages) and DoIPM (rhizoid stage) were observed and unchanged relative gene expressions of DoIPM (seedling stage) and DoSWEET14 (seedling stage) were recorded. Thus, both V. volvacea and L. tigrinus formed compatible mycorrhizal association with D. bigibbum which caused increase in the growth of D. bigibbum during rhizoid and seedling stages.

Dried pork curry with cowa leaves sausage: the effect of drying time and temperature on quality attributes

Wanich, U. — 2025-05-18

Pork curry with cowa leaves is made from traditional curry paste with cowa leaves and dried at different temperatures and times. The results showed that time and temperature had an impact on the colours of the sausage, with longer drying times which significantly resulted in a darker colour of the curry paste. The hardness of the texture was increased with prolonged drying. The pork curry with cowa leaves had a protein content of 18%, a fat content of 35%, and a fiber content of 3.43 %.