International Journal of Agricultural Technology

Development of a healthier durian cookie enhanced with inulin

Chantharobol, A. — 2025-01-22

Cookies are characterized by their high sugar and fat contents. To enhance their nutritional profile, the incorporation of functional ingredients such as inulin has been proposed. The results indicated that the substitution of durian powder led to a reduction in moisture content, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), and caloric value, while hardness and redness (a*) increased. The cookies with 20% w/w durian powder exhibited the highest overall acceptability (r≤0.05). Thus, this formulation was selected for further investigation, where sugar was partially replaced with inulin at concentrations of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%w/w, respectively. The results demonstrated that the substitution of inulin tended to decrease lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), while moisture content, hardness, calories, and redness (a*) increased. In sensory evaluation, cookies with 20% w/w inulin supplementation received significantly (r≤0.05) higher scores for taste, texture, and overall liking. Interestingly, the caloric content of the developed durian cookies was significantly lower (r≤0.05) than that of the control cookies. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the presence of an inulin gel network within the cookies. In conclusion, this study offers important insights into the development of healthier cookies utilizing low-grade durian, presenting a significant opportunity for food manufacturers to address the current market demand for healthier dietary options.

Safe and Sustainable Propagation of Insulin Plant (Costus igneus) through a Recirculating Aquaponic System Using Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Duckweed (Lemna perpusilla)

Cortez, M.B. — 2025-01-22

This study introduces an innovative approach to cultivate Costus igneus using aquaponic system, ensuring both sustainable cultivation and safe consumption of this valuable medicinal herb. The system with mollies maintained a pH level between 7.6-7.8, total dissolved solids (TDS) of 296-314 ppm, and temperatures between 28.7°C to 29.6°C. Results indicated that the presence of mollies in the aquaponic system led to slightly faster growth and improved yields of Nile tilapia, as well as higher duckweed yields. Water analysis revealed that the molly-containing system exhibited higher levels of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, resulting in increased Insulin plant fresh weight. The molly fish's presence proved beneficial in breaking down fish waste and facilitating nutrient conversion, particularly nitrogen, for plant utilization.

Attack intensity and effectiveness pheromone on Oryctes rhinoceros L. in oil palm, Seluma district, Bengkulu.

Ginting, S. — 2025-02-28

Oil palm production continues to increase as the area of oil palm plantations increases. Seluma is one of the oil palm production centers in Bengkulu, which is located in the wet tropical region directly bordering the Indian Ocean. One of the main pests on oil palm plants is Oryctes rhinoceros, this pest can cause attacks on immature and mature plants. The use of ferotrap can control O. rhinoceros beetles. However, information regarding O. rhinoceros attacks oil palm has not been reported in Bengkulu. The results showed that the percentage of attacks against the beetle O. rhinoceros was highest in oil palm plantations in Tanjung Seluai Village was 10.53% with an attack intensity was 12.33%, then in Riak Siabun Village the percentage of attacks was 3.09% with an attack intensity was 4.67 % and on oil palm plantations at PT. Sandabi Indah Lestari had no attacks. The lowest average population of O. rhinoceros beetles was 4.67 individuals/ha/2 months in Tanjung Seluai Village, and 7 individuals/ha/2 months in PT. Sandabi Indah Lestari and the highest was 7.67 individuals /ha/2 months in Riak Siabun Village.

Development and quality enhancement of fermented rice bran and probiotic incorporated ice cream.

Jayasinghe, J. A. L. H. — 2025-02-28

Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (10¹² CFU ml^-1) was used to ferment rice bran inorder to produce probiotic incorporated ice cream. According to the testing of the ice cream produced from the fermented and non-fermented rice bran and probitic, the highest consumer preferred the color and acceptability which recorded for fermented rice bran + probiotic (FRB+P) incorporated ice cream. The results were significantly differed in dry matter % (DM ), ash %, and overrun % which observed in all rice bran incorporated ice cream. During storage, the pH of all treatments decreased while titratable acidity (TA) increased. The highest score for the taste was observed from the probiotic incorporated ice cream. A reduction of probiotic count (10⁹–10⁷ CFU ml^-1) was observed in (FRB+P). However, the value remained above the minimum therapeutic value (10⁶ CFU ml^-1). The fermented rice bran (1%) and probiotic collectively enhanced the consumer preference and nutritional properties of ice cream without quality deterioration at -18 ˚C for 21 days.

Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different salinity stress on seedling growth and biochemical responses.

Jiamtae, P. — 2025-02-28

The effects of NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 40 mM, 80 mM, and 120 mM) on soybean growth, physiology, and biochemical were investigated. Increasing salinity decreased plant height, root length, leaf number, leaf greenness, biomass, and chlorophyll content, while proline levels increased. There were significant interactions between cultivars and NaCl concentrations in almost all parameters. At 120 mM, plant death was found in Chiang Mai 84-2 and Chiang Mai 60 cultivars, in contrast, the cultivar Nakhon Sawan 1 exhibited no plant death at any NaCl concentration, indicating its suitability for salinity stress.

Utilizing of aerial photography to study the distribution of seaweed in Saphan Hin Park, Mueang District, Phuket Province, Thailand

Kumlom, T. — 2025-02-28

Seaweed is essential in ecosystems for producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the greenhouse effect. It also provides habitat and food for various aquatic species and helps mitigate coastal erosion. The periodic surveys identified seaweed was done in four periods in January, April, August, and October covered the areas of 897.96 sq.km, 9,164.26 sq.km, 6,462.12 sq.km, and 14,678.95 sq.km, respectively. For Seaweed lumps, the areas were 30.12 sq.km, 310.54 sq.km, 903.28 sq.km, and 1,552.02 sq.km, respectively. The classification results were invaluable for effective natural resource planning and management. While the overall seaweed distribution remained stable, and some areas showed density changes. The resulting maps highlighted the advantages of using UAV aerial snapshots and MLC techniques for accurately identifying seaweed in shallow waters. The findings are anticipated to serve as a model for monitoring changes to support seaweed conservation and restoration and can be applied to other contexts involving natural resource and environmental management.

Genetic diversity of common figs (Ficus carica) cultivated in Thailand determined by 18S ribosomal RNA sequence

Laosutthipong, C. — 2025-02-28

The common fig (Ficus carica) is an economically important fruit crop widely consumed worldwide. In this study, the genetic diversity of 5 varieties of figs are commonly grown in Thailand as Longue d’Aout, Col De Dama Blanca, Weihai, Iraqi, and White Israel which showed highly similar 18S rRNA, and similar to 2 other related species of Ficus palmata and Ficus johannis. The only exception is shown in the Iraqi fig, which possessed 2 positions of single nucleotide substitutions (C to T). Interestingly, Iraqi is found to be a fig variety with distinct characteristics that facilitated rapid growth in the tropics e.g. single-lobed leaf, robust growth, and nematode-resistance, and is commonly used as a rootstock. In conclusion, this analysis is provided a fundamental starting point for further works on figs molecular genetics, which can facilitate fig commercialization and further breeding in Southeast Asia.

Solvent optimization enhanced phenolic content and antioxidant activity in ultrasound-assisted extraction of Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes

Liwanda, N. — 2025-02-28

The study revealed that using 100% acetone as the solvent in ultrasound-assisted extraction yielded the highest levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), with values of 10.63±0.48 mg GAE/g DW and 34.27±1.82 µmol TE/g DW, respectively. In contrast, the solvent combination of ethanol and acetone (50:50) produced the highest antioxidant capacity based on the ABTS assay, reaching 100.31±4.80 µmol TE/g DW. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.9388) was observed between TPC and FRAP antioxidant activity. The findings highlighted that solvent selection significantly affected the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes. Notably, acetone was most effective for extracting TPC and FRAP, while a 50:50 ethanol-acetone blend was ideal for ABTS. This is underscored the pivotal role of solvent choice in optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds, enhancing the therapeutic potential of herbal sources.

Distribution of weed species and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium across various land uses in coastal areas

Muktamar, Z. — 2025-02-28

The survey identified a total of 81 weed species, which included 42 species of broadleaf weeds, 25 grasses, 9 sedges, and 5 ferns. The oil palm plantation exhibited the most weed diversity, with a total of 40 species, including 19 broadleaf, 13 grasses, 3 sedges, and 5 ferns. In contrast, the rice farm had the lowest weed diversity, consisting of just 8 species, including 3 broadleaves, 3 grasses, and 2 sedges. The number of weed species in oil palm plantations was comparable to that in rubber plantations, although greater than in coconut plantations. In coconut and oil palm plantations, broadleaf weed species were the most common, accounting for 58.05% and 50.89% of the total weed population, respectively. On the other hand, in rubber plantations and swamp land, grasses were the dominating weed species, making up 44.68% and 56.24% of the Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), respectively. Melastoma affine D. Don was the dominant weed species in oil palm and rubber plantations, with an SDR of 9.44% and 7.09%, respectively, while Borreria alata Aubl. is the primary weed species in coconut plantations, with an SDR of 12.70%. However, in swamp land, Isachne globosa (Thunb.) O.K., a type of grass, makes up 14.43% of SDR. Furthermore, the swamp land exhibited the highest soil nitrogen concentration (5982.53 mg/kg). The coconut plantation had the highest soil phosphorus level (2.76 mg/kg), while the rice farm had the highest soil potassium (226.18 mg/kg). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative association between the prevalence of broadleaf weed species and grasses. Likewise, there was a negative correlation between broadleaf weeds and soil N, suggesting that these specific weeds can compete under low nitrogen. The discovery of this study has advantageous implications for the management of weed control in coastal environments.

Speciation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in scallions (Alium chinese; order; asterales; family; Asteraceae) cultivated on the shoulder of intracity highways in Lagos, Nigeria

Ogwu, C. — 2025-01-22

The comparative mean results obtained in this study showed the following: pyrene 2.94±0.11 µg/g, chrysene 3.01±0.23 µg/g, BaP; 2.94±0.13 µg/g, BaA; 3.01±0.12 µg/g and BbF; 3.04±0.13 µg/g. The results of the health evaluation showed that Beneze (a) pyrene had the highest value (14.71 µg/kg), followed by Benze (b) fluoranthene and Benzo (a) anthracene (1.52 and 1.51) of the toxicity equivalent factors. Meanwhile, the sum across the station was significantly higher than the standard limits. The CDI (chronic daily intake) results obtained for each PAH congener were considerably high and fluctuated across the station. However, the results for the ILCR (incremental life cancer risk) were higher than the threshold set for this study. The study concluded that the content of PAH investigation in the scallions was higher than the set threshold. It is recommended that the cultivation of scallions on the highway shoulders be discontinued. Farmer's advocacy and education were imperative to enlighten the farmers on the adverse effects of farming along the road shoulders, and the implications of producing such vegetables for human consumption.

Productivity of open-pollinated white corn (Zea mays L.) applied with calcitic lime and zinc

Pabellon, J. M. L. — 2025-01-22

For agricultural areas where white corn production becomes limited due to an acid soil, establishing a proper nutrient management protocol holds significance to improve maize performance while enhancing its nutritional value. Results revealed that enhanced fertilization which significantly affected the yield performance of OPV white corn in Claveria, Misamis Oriental. The study concluded that applying full RR NPK at 180-90-60 rate + calcitic lime at 70 kg ha^-1 + Zn at 5 kg ha^-1 (T5) provided the highest harvest index at 0.32 and subsequently attained higher yield performance of the crop at 5.94 t ha^-1. However, the use of half RR NPK with Zn at 5 kg ha^-1(T7) accounted higher return by 66.83% per peso from investment as it would be recommended.

Efficacy of plant essential oils for repelling against American cockroach adults (Periplaneta americana L.)

Passara, H. — 2025-01-22

The combination of four plant essential oils (EOs) from star anise, citronella grass, lemon grass, and cinnamon was evaluated for repelling American cockroaches by the dual-choice method. A combination of star anise + citronella grass had a repellency rate of 95%. In contrast, combinations of star anise + lemon grass and star anise + cinnamon were effective between 73% and 69%, but the synthetic chemical repellent (12% DEET) was less effective at 59%. Therefore, the essential oils formulae had a high potential for effective use and, further, are harmless for healthiness and the environment. Thus, they can replace more toxic synthetic insecticides.

Efficacy of mangosteen peel extract and phosphonic acid on durian root rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora in vitro

Pitisom, P. — 2025-01-22

Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora poses a notable challenge to durian farming in Thailand. Results indicated that all treatments containing mangosteen peel extract combined with phosphonic acid exhibited 100±0.00% inhibition of mycelial growth, outperforming the purified mangosteen peel extract alone. In contrast, the mangosteen peel extract alone resulted in mycelial growth inhibition of only 52.41±5.27%-97.50±0.60%. In conclusion, the study provided valuable insights into utilizing mangosteen peel waste for controlling durian root rot disease, reducing reliance on chemical fungicides in crop protection, minimizing environmental pollution, and adding value to agricultural waste.

Evaluation of genetic diversity by molecular markers in Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)

Poeaim, S. — 2025-01-22

The genetic diversity and relationships among 16 cultivars of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were investigated. The cultivars were collected from the Phrae Horticultural Research Center, Thailand. For SRAP analysis, 30 primer combinations were initially tested, comprising five forward and six reverse primers. Seven primer combinations consistently generated well-defined bands and were selected for genetic profiling. These SRAP primers amplified 172 fragments, with 145 (84.30%) polymorphic. For RAPD analysis, 50 primers were evaluated, and eight primers consistently produced clear bands of genetic profiling. These RAPD primers amplified 215 fragments, with 188 (87.44%) polymorphic. The genetic relationships among the cultivars were assessed using a dendrogram constructed with NTSYS-pc (version 2.1X) based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.90 for SRAP and from 0.58 to 0.89 for RAPD markers, indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the cultivars.

Efficacy of the strains of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as biocontrol agents against bacterial wilt disease in chili

Prathong, A. — 2025-01-22

Bacterial wilt of chili (Capsicum spp.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an economically damaging disease of chili production in Thailand and tropical regions worldwide. This study screened bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy chili plants from Surin, Ratchaburi, and Chanthaburi provinces with strong antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. A dual-culture assay revealed the best three isolated strains, D402-5(3), M601-4, and KJB01, which were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. D402-5(3) showed the largest inhibition zone diameter of 2.63 cm, followed by M601-4 and KJB01 with diameters of 2.50 cm and 2.33 cm, respectively. By morphological observation and molecular characterization via 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis, D402-5(3) and KJB01 were identified as Pseudomonas sp., and M601-4 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. The suppression of bacterial wilt disease in chili by the three antagonistic strains was carried out by pot experiments in the greenhouse. D402-5(3) exhibited the highest biocontrol efficacy of 73.12% on the 12^th day post R. solanacearum inoculation, followed by M601-4 and KJB01 with biocontrol efficacies of 58.19% and 43.2%, respectively. Plant growth-promoting traits and lytic enzyme production abilities of the three strains were detected. The results showed that D402-5(3) was able to produce cellulase and protease, KJB01 produced only protease, and M601-4 could solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen.

Effect of potassium fertilizer application on total phenolic level, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of the Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)

Rafiqi, A. — 2025-01-22

The study investigated the impact of K fertilizer on the antioxidant properties of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) ethanol extract. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid standards, peaked in the F3 treatment (0.15 g potassium per plant) at 1.4929 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid levels, assessed with quercetin as the standard, were highest in the F3 treatment at 0.1602 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through FRAP, CUPRAC, and ABTS methods, with Trolox standards, revealing the highest values of 3.7644 μmol TE/g in the control (F0), 2.1197 μmol TE/g in F2 (0.1 g potassium per plant), and 6.4251 μmol TE/g in F2, respectively. Potassium fertilizers were significantly increased the total phenolic and flavonoid content, particularly in the F3 treatment, which applied 0.15 grams of fertilizer per sample over nine repetitions. Despite this increase, the highest antioxidant activity was not observed in the F3 treatment, due to variables such as sample storage time, dilution, and pre-test handling. The findings highlighted a complex relationship between potassium fertilization and antioxidant activity in purslane, suggesting potential variables influencing antioxidant outcomes beyond phenolic and flavonoid content.

Weed control in water-saturated soybean cultivation in the coastal area

Setyowati, N. — 2025-01-22

The study indicated that soybean growth and yield under water-saturated conditions did not significantly differ among various weed control periods or weeding frequencies. Soybeans weeded twice or three times grew similarly to those weeded once. During the study, soybean growth was inhibited even after weed control, indicating faster weed growth compared to soybeans. At 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting, the predominant weed species was Fimbristylis miliacea, followed by Ludwigia octovalvis and Cyperus sphacelatus R. By harvest time, the experimental site was dominated by Cyperus halpan, F. miliacea, Fimbristylis ciliaris, and C. sphacelatus with SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) values of 25.45%, 24.86%, 13.88%, and 11.67%, respectively. These findings are crucial for managing weeds in soybean cultivation under water-saturated emvironment.

Growth of Dendrobium Oryen Orchids at the acclimatization stage by providing organic materials to the planting media and spraying foliar fertilizer

Sinaga, A. O. — 2025-01-22

The study's findings indicated that the leaf quantity and breadth variables are influenced by the frequency of foliar fertilizer applications and the addition of organic material to the planting medium. Adding organic material was significantly impacted the root length and leaf count variables, while the other seven were unaffected. The treatment of fertilization frequency did not affect every variable. Fertilizing once every six days with organic material drawn from Moringa leaf litter produced the most leaves while fertilizing once every six days with organic material derived from coffee husks generated the broadest leaves. The longest orchid roots are generated when organic material from Lamtoro leaf litter is placed in an orchid-growing environment.

Adulticidal activity of star anise, turmeric, cloves and combinations against houseflies

Sinthusiri, J. — 2025-01-22

The small droplet size could increase the absorbed ingredients and high stability. The star anise nanoemulsion was determined optimum efficacy, with a 1% concentration resulting in the highest knockdown and mortality rate of 100%. Its KT₅₀and mortality effective values were 28 min and 36 times, respectively. Furthermore, the adult stage of houseflies is found to be susceptible to star anise nanoemulsion. In contrast, cypermethrin was less toxic to it, with a high KT₅₀and resistance to adult houseflies. Consequently, the star anise nanoemulsion could be developed into an efficient and safe environment for controlling housefly populations.

Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of combination of two plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti

Sinthusiri, J. — 2025-01-22

The larvicidal and pupicidal effects of six mixtures of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oils (EOs) and major compositions (geranial, α-pinene and trans- cinnamaldehyde) were tested against early fourth instar and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti. The combinations (2% cinnamon EO + 1% geranial, 2% cinnamon EO + 1% trans-cinnamaldehyde and 2% cinnamon EO + 1% α-pinene) showed high toxicity against early 4^th instar larvae, with 100% mortalities at 24 hours and LT₅₀ between 1.4 and 2.4 hours. Additionally, 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene showed >99% mortality at 24 hours with LT₅₀= 4.6 hours. 2% nutmeg EO + 1% geranial and 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene were highly toxic against pupae, with 100% mortality at 48 hours and LT₅₀ values of 5.8 and 7.8 hours. On the other hand, temephos showed LT₅₀ for larval and pupal stages at 9.8 and 94.1 hours. It showed that 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene was able to control immature stages and was more effective than temephos. However nutmeg extracts need to be checked for human and valuable species toxicity.

Meta-analysis of dietary supplementation with hemp products (Cannabis sativa L.) in broiler chicken: performances, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, and meat physicochemical parameters

Sopian, Y. — 2025-01-22

The results showed that dietary hemp products reduced plasma triglycerides (SMD = -2.263; P < 0.01), cholesterol (SMD = -1.239; P < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein (SMD = -5.711; P < 0.01), whereas the plasma high-density lipoprotein (SMD = 3.193; P < 0.01) and jejunal villus height (SMD = 4.536; P < 0.01) were increased. However, broiler performances (average daily feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio) and meat physicochemical parameters (pH, lightness, redness, yellowness, crude protein, and ether extract) were not significantly affected. Therefore, the study indicated that dietary hemp products in broiler chicken could improve blood profiles and gut health, suggesting their potential as an alternative feedstuff in broiler production.

Factors affecting the adoption of smart root washing innovation by commercial vegetable growers in the eastern suburbs of Bangkok, Thailand

Sornphakdee, N — 2025-01-22

Result showed that 70% of the participa. nts were male, and the majority cultivated leafy vegetables. Natural canals emerged as the primary water source, with manual labour being the dominant washing method. All farmers washed vegetables manually, and 73.3% reported inadequate cleaning as their main post-harvest challenge. The adoption of the smart root washer received a moderate perceived utility score of 3.44, mirroring ratings for ease of use/complexity (mean=3.45). There was a consistent moderate perception across other adoption parameters, including observability (mean=3.44) and risk (mean=3.45). The technology’s adoption trajectory encompassed knowledge, persuasion, decision-making, implementation, and confirmation stages, registering moderate acceptance levels, with scores ranging between 3.28 and 3.45. Gender was the strongest predictor across all models, with the persuasion model having the highest absolute Beta coefficient (β=0.673). The consistent significance of gender differences suggested to play a crucial role in the adoption process.

Effect of combination fertilizer on growth and yield of Cassava cv. Rayong9 in Thailand

Srifa, T. — 2025-01-22

The effects of combination fertilizer applications on cassava growth, yield, and starch content (cv. Rayong 9) were investigated. Plant heights were highest in chemical fertilizer only (T3) and combined chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer (T4) treatments. Stem diameter and SPAD chlorophyll readings were significantly higher in T4 at a key growth stage. After six months of harvesting, T4 yielded the highest fresh leaves (258.75 kg ha⁻¹) and rhizome yields (1184.75 kg ha⁻¹). T3 produced the highest fresh root yield in eight months of 15,937.50 kg ha⁻¹, while T4 outperformed all treatments at ten months (17,787.50 kg ha⁻¹). However, reducing the NPK fertilizer rate to half (12.5 kg ha⁻¹) combined with PGPR (T5) significantly enhanced cassava root yield at both the 6 and 10-month when harvested as compared to the full NPK fertilizer rate (T3, 437.5 kg ha⁻¹) only. Moreover, T5 showed the highest starch content at six months of growth (27.14%) and harvesting at ten months (19.67%). These findings indicated that integrating biofertilizers with reduced chemical fertilizer applications is a promising approach for promoting sustainable cassava production.

Improving beef meatball properties by adding senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) leaf powder

Suharyanto Suharyanto — 2025-02-27

This study aims to evaluate the use of senduduk leaf powder (SLP) on the oxidation level, total microbial count, physicochemical properties, and sensory characteristics of beef meatballs. The research employed a completely randomized design with the following treatments: without the addition of SLP and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a Control, addition of 0.01% BHT, addition of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% SLP based on the meat weight. The Control formula consisted of beef, tapioca, salt, ice cubes, ground pepper, and garlic powder. The findings and analysis of this research indicated that incorporating 0.5-1.5% senduduk leaf powder effectively inhibits the oxidation rate of meatballs. Notably, the inclusion of 1.5% demonstrated the ability to prevent oxidation at a level comparable to 0.01% BHT. While no discernible alterations were observed in the pH of the meatballs, the presence of senduduk leaf powder proved effective in suppressing microbial growth. Despite maintaining the water holding capacity and elasticity of the meatballs, the addition of senduduk leaf powder did impact tenderness, texture, color, odor, and overall acceptability among the panelists. The addition of senduduk leaf powder could improve the beef meatballs properties in term of reducing oxidation and total microbes of the beef meatball with no any effect on certein physicochemical and sensorial properties.

Effect of water stress and varieties on the bioherbicidal effectivity of sorghum aqueous extracts

Susilo, E. — 2025-01-22

The 5% water extract from Super 1 sorghum variety irrigated every 5 days, Suri 4 irrigated every 4 and 5 days, and Mandau irrigated every five days was more toxic compared to other treatments, as indicated by the lowest percentage of seed germination, seedlings fresh weight, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, and plumule and radicle length, as well as the higher percentage of dead seedlings and fresh weight of dead seedlings. These findings suggested that the Super 1, Suri 4, and Mandau sorghum varieties, with irrigation frequencies of 4 or 5 days, can produce allelopathic compounds that can be used as bioherbicides to control broadleaf weeds.

Leveraging the bio-economy to drive sustainable development: a comprehensive review

Tarawneh, R. A. — 2025-01-22

Bio-economy is emerging as a new beacon of hope in a world moving towards sustainability. Renewable biological resources drive it. Moreover, it holds a great promising for a sustainable future to offer a significant economic benefits, such as job creation and reducing fossil fuel dependence. However, its potential can only be realized fully by addressing key challenges, including the need for technological innovation and robust policy frameworks. This study is explored the economic and governance dimensions of the bio-economy, with a focus on strategies for large-scale implementation and its role in achieving sustainable development goals. The findings are highlighted the bio-economy's ability to enhance economic resilience, create jobs, and mitigate climate change and regulatory hurdles. It is underscored the importance of innovation, global collaboration, and varying levels of progress across different regions. Strong governance and policy support are crucial, alongside adopting circular economy practices and advanced technologies like blockchain. These approaches can help to maximize the bio-economy's contribution to sustainable development which is addressed the issues like poverty, food security, and climate change while driving economic growth.

Impact total of harvesting age on phenolic content, flavonoid level, and antioxidant capacity in Justicia gendarussa leaves

Tisania, A. — 2025-01-22

This study evaluated the influence of harvesting age on the total phenolic content, flavonoid levels, and antioxidant properties of Justicia gendarussa leaves. Significant differences were observed across different leaf ages (3, 4, 5, and 6 months). The highest phenolic content was recorded in leaves harvested at four months (1.769 mg GAE/g DW), while the six-month-old leaves exhibited the highest concentration of flavonoids (27.505 mg QE/g DW). The antioxidant capacity peaked in the three-month-old leaves (8.1985 µmol TE/g DW) using the DPPH method, while six-month-old leaves displayed the greatest antioxidant potential (12.8684 µmol TE/g DW) measured via the FRAP method. Therefore, the six-month-old leaves were found to have the optimal combination of high flavonoid content and antioxidant activity as determined by the FRAP method.

Assessing the impact of frequent floodings on the soil quality of paddy fields: multidimensional scaling approach

Utami, K. — 2025-01-22

The increase in flood frequency due to climate change may cause a decrease in the soil quality of paddy fields. The results of the study showed that the multidimensional scaling approach can be used to calculate the soil quality index and assess the impact of frequent flooding on soil quality of paddy fields. Several physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were not significantly different in the paddy fields that were often flooded if compared to those that were not flooded, except for exchangeable kalium content. Frequent flooding on the paddy fields tends to decrease the Soil Quality Index. The Soil Quality Index of paddy fields have a tendency to decrease if the paddy fields were often flooded, either by standing water from rivers or sea water. The Soil Quality Index category of paddy fields that were not flooded was good (86.1). While the Soil Quality Index category of paddy fields that were flooded by rivers was average (62.0) and paddy fields that were flooded by sea water was slightly good (75.8). The leverage attributes of the soil characteristics are exchangeable natrium and kalium, and total phosphorus.

Effects of storage temperatures and packaging films on the physiological quality and storage life of seablite leaves

Yingsanga, P. — 2025-02-27

Seablite (Saaeda maritima L.) is a local plant that grows only in coastal areas; it is used to cook various Thai dishes. The popularity of seablite consumption continues to increase rapidly. However, the major postharvest problems are the yellowing and decaying of leaves, leading to a short shelf life due to a lack of information on suitable storage temperature and packaging. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the appropriate storage temperature and packaging film for seablite. Two experiments were conducted. First, the effect of storage temperatures on the physiological quality of seablite was investigated. Leave samples were kept in perforated polyethylene (PPE) film and stored at 25 (control), 13, and 4 ºC. The result revealed that 4ºC was the best storage temperature to reduce weight loss, respiration rate, ethylene production, chlorophyll breakdown, yellowing of leaves, and decaying. In contrast, the soluble pectin was not different from the control. The storage life at 4ºC was 24 days, whereas at 13 and 25ºC were 12 and 4 days, respectively. Second, the effect of packaging films on the physiological quality of seablite during storage at 4ºC for 28 days was evaluated. Seablite was kept in polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (PE) films compared to the PPE film (control). The result showed that leaves kept in a PP film had a significantly lower percentage of yellowing and decaying leaves, weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production than those kept in PE and PPE films, respectively. In contrast, there was a non-significant in the antioxidant capacity and soluble pectin content among all film types. Low oxygen concentration inside the package was found in the PP film compared to PE and PPE films. This result suggests that seablite should be kept in a PP film at 4°C, and storage life can be extended to 28 days.

Induced mutation of curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory through tissue culture by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)

Yoosumran, V. — 2025-01-22

The ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) is induced mutation in Curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory. The shoot size 1 cm were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mg/l BA for plantlet induction. After 8 weeks of culture, it was observed that the shoots soaked in 0% EMS at 60 and 120 minutes survived 100%. In additions it was found the highest percentage of shoot emergence, number of shoots, and plant height. While plants treated with EMS solution had decreased survival and growth rates. Thereafter, existing plantlets were potted, and growth was observed. It turned out that the plants none receiving EMS solution (control) had the survival rate and growth rate were better than those of the plants receiving EMS solution. Results showed that control plants receiving 0% EMS at 60 minutes gave highest content of chlorophyll a as 4.06 µg/cm², chlorophyll b of 2.08 µg/cm² and carotenoid of 3.09 µg/cm² but there was none statistical difference with the plants that received EMS solution. The control plants had larger stomata sizes than those that received the EMS solution. However, there was no difference in the number of chloroplasts among treatments. The living plantlets from all treatments were tested Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves. A dendrogram was constructed polymorphic bands using the NTSYSpc program (version 2.10p) showing 2 clusters which separated with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.74-1.00.