International Journal of Agricultural Technology

GC-MS of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) plant extracts and inhibition of post-harvest fungi in cocoyam

Anyaegbu, C. F., Okigbo, R. N. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The research elaborated the significantly used the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis technique for detecting the phytochemical constituents in Allium sativum (Garlic) and Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) extracts that made them a good potent antifungal activity and useful for quality control. The phytochemical constituents of G. latifolum are identified as phytol, phthalic acid, oleic acid, octasiloxane and octadecadienol while Benezeneacetaldehyde, Diallyldisulphide, Disulfane, p-Benzoquinone and Octanoic acid were found in A. sativum. The presence of these compounds justified the use of some plant parts for various elements in antifungal and can be advised as a plant of phytopharmaceutical and industrial importance. UV-VIS techniques were assessed the UV visibility in G. latifolium extract. The absorption peaks of plant extracts’ UV-VIS spectra were shown to be 202, 204, 209, 224, 226, 228, 230, 234, 236, 238, 241, 282, 404, 503, 535, 608 and 666 nm, with absorption values of 10.000, 10.000, 5.449, 10.000, 5.635, 6.771, 5.671, 10.000, 10.000, 6.524, 10.000, 10.000, 0.814, 0.098, 0.085, 0.075 and 0.292, respectively while UV-VIS profile of A. sativum extract was collected at wavelengths ranging from 202 to 281 nm. Peaks were seen at 202, 205, 214, 217, 220, 222, 227, 230, 233, 236, 238, 247, 250, 254, 256, 259, 261, 264, 266, 269, 274, 276, 278 and 281 nm with absorption values of 4.694, 4.596, 10.000, 10.000, 5.013, 4.936, 4.573, 4.623, 4.647, 4.704, 4.666, 5.076, 6.038, 10.000, 10.000, 10.000, 10.000. 5.682, 5.494, 6.553, 10.000, 10.000, 10.000 and 5.447 respectively. The antifungal activities of these plant extracts were expressed to inhibit Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus stolonifera, and Mucor piriformis isolated from stored cocoyam tubers.

The effect of BA on inducing shoots of Philodendron erubescent ‘Pink Princes’ in vitro

Chiewchan, N., Saetiew, K., Teerarak, M. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The study investigated the influence of plant growth regulator on the induction of direct shoots from node explants of Philodendron erubescens 'Pink Princes' in vitro condition. The result showed that the most of width, length, and height was observed in MS + BA 0.5 mg/l, measuring 3.40 cm × 3.22 cm × 1.96 cm and 1.74 g fresh weight. The highest number of shoots was consistently observed 60.44 shoots per nodal MDA content (1.91 nmol/g FW) and phenolic content (9.51 mg GAE/g FW) are lowest. The explant was cultured on MS medium performed highest chlorophyll content (chl A 213.96 mg/g FW, chl B 162.54 mg/ FW, total chlorophyll 304.64 mg/FW) and carotenoid content (2.61 mg/g FW) Moreover, they were the largest plant with green leaves when compared to another treatment.

Comparison of fermentation behaviors and properties of Naem-Hed supplemented with vegetables by spontaneous and controlled lactic acid fermentation

Chomsri, N., Manowan, K., Tassanaudom, U., Manochai, P. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the various fermentation processes with a positive impact on unique sensory characteristics of food products and growth inhibition of pathogens. Results described the application of Lactobacillus pentosus compared with spontaneous fermentation to ferment Naem-Hed and Naem-Hed supplemented with vegetables. The LAB growth kinetics, chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation were investigated. Acid production and LAB growth in each sample varied with the use of different fermentation treatments. Enhancement of bioactive properties was observed in supplementation of vegetables. Sensory evaluation of the fermented samples revealed that samples from Naem-Hed supplemented with vegetables featured a highly intense ‘appearance’, ‘color’, ‘flavor’ and ‘overall preference’ attributes. It is suggested that using L. pentosus as a starter with vegetable supplementation as a new effective fermentation strategy would improve the production of Naem-Hed.

Non-destructive measurement of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) using near-infrared spectroscopy

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are cannabinoids which produced by cannabis plants and major compounds found in cannabis products. A predictive method for non-destructive quantification of THC and CBD using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology is developed. The prediction model for THC estimation had coefficient of determination (R-squared) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) values of 0.9994 and 0.1926, respectively. The correlation between THC values of HPLC measurement and NIR prediction showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9078. For CBD prediction, the R-squared and RMSEC values of CBD equation were 0.9995 and 0.0006, respectively. The predicted and measured concentrations of CBD showed good correlation with a regression correlation of 0.9413. The test indicated NIR could be a promising alternative method for THC and CBD evaluation.

Activity of five natural essential oils against fungal contamination in fresh and stored maize grains

Haggag, W. M., Diab, M. M., Al-Ansary, N. A., Ali, M. K. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Thyme, citral, methyl anthranilate, rosemary and clove essential oils were tested for their antifungal activity to investigate the possibility of their use for maize crop treatment to control seed-borne fungi associated to maize grains as Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Talaromyces verruculosus and other species. The efficacy of the five essential oils against natural fungal mycoflora developed on maize crop under naturally infected field conditions at two experiment trials at three storage intervals on two different media. The percentage of seed germination, the percentage of infection and isolation frequency were reported. The five Eos had a significant inhibitory effect against maize grain germination and fungal frequency. Thyme had the least impact on the germination of maize grains, while clove had an obvious effect in reducing the total frequency of fungal isolates associated to maize grains. The five Eos had an obvious inhibitory activity against the frequency of fungal isolates associated with maize grains. These findings imply that EOs, particularly thyme and clove oils, are effective at controlling maize seed-borne fungi.

Geographic information systems and remote sensing: Innovative tools for plant health

Haggag, W. M., Ali, R. R., Al-Ansary, N. A. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Agriculture research has a strong emphasis on biotic and abiotic stresses because of the significant economic losses to cash crops. Since plant stress has an impact on crop quality and yield, every effort must be made to identify and treat the problem of plant stress. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are a new innovative alternative to the conventional diagnosis, detection and management of diseases by spectral symptoms. The production of crops, including crop protection, can benefit greatly from this contemporary technology. Utilizing data from GIS and remote sensing, disease-affected plants may be identified by the variation in their reflectance spectra when compared to healthy plants. GIS has been widely utilized as a significant instrument for epidemiological research. Remote sensing is a rapid and effective technology that may gather information on the spectral characteristics of earth surfaces from a variety of locations, including satellites and other platforms. The most recent studies are based on the information from spectral. multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance, fluorescence, and radiation emission, or from electronic noses that detect volatile organic compounds released from plants or pathogens. These sensors may also have the ability to characterize the health status of crops. Agriculture will become more sustainable and safer using GIS and remote sensing technologies, which will also considerably aid to greatly specialize diagnostic and management outcomes. These technologies will eventually become a key piece of a farmer's precision equipment mix, working in tandem with advancements in digitalization and artificial intelligence for precision application across pathogens and crop management demands.

Seed Physio-biochemical quality of chilli (Capsicum frutescens) in different seed maturity

Hairani, P. M., Sudjatmiko, S., Setyowati, N., Diaguna, R., Triyostin, W. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Result showed that mature red chili peppers exhibited the greatest seed vigor. Specifically, these peppers demonstrated a seed vigor index percentage of 62.67% and a seed growth rate of 40.91% etmal^-1. There was a positive correlation coefficient observed between the seed vigor parameter of mature red chili peppers and the parameters of fruit chlorophyll and carotenoid content. In contrast, it was shown that the chlorophyll content of the fruit had a negative association with both the germination rate and seed vigor index in fruits of both second mature red and first immature red fruits. The fruit's carotenoid concentration shown negative associations with the seed vigor index in both second mature red and first immature red fruits, as well as negative associations with the germination rate of first immature red fruits.

Influence of calcium from different seashells on growth and yield of Khon Kaen 6 peanut cultivar

Hongyotee, T., Somchit, P., Phakamas, N. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Application of all calcium sources increased biomass and crop growth rate of peanut. Significantly increasing in biomass was found in the crop threated with gypsum. The crop growth rate was significantly increased in the crop treated with gypsum, mussel and clams. Application of calcium sources was not significantly affected on yield and yield components of peanut. The possibility to used seashells as an alternative calcium source for peanut production.

Streptomyces corchorusii L72 as a potential biocontrol agent against soil born fungi Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot on peanut

Huyen, N. T., Tam, D. T. T., Trang, T. H., Dao, T. T., Hien, P. H., Canh, N. X. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Streptomyces is a distinctive genus that contains a variety of naturally produced antibiotics and active secondary substances. From 37 actinomyces isolates, isolate L72 was selected because of its highest ability to inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii (63.59% inhibition). The antagonistic activity and growth-promoting properties of strain L72 were investigated. This isolate was identified as Streptomyces corhorsii L72 based on morphological and physiological properties and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Culture filtrate of strain L72 exhibited antagonism activities on mycelial growth and scletorial germination rates of S. rolfsii at various diluted concentrations. Interestingly, scletorial germination of S. rolfsii was inhibited on the medium with only 2% (50X dilution) of L72’s culture filtrate. Biochemical assays revealed that strain L72 produced indole acetic acid, siderophore, and chitinase. The strain also exhibited the ability to solubilize phosphate. Moreover, cell-free culture of this strain promoted peanut fresh weight, root length, and seedling vigor. The data from the pot assay showed that the treatment with Streptomyces corhorsii L72 reduced disease incidences when compared with the inoculated control. In conclusion, our results indicated that Streptomyces corhorsii L72 was a promising biocontrol agent for controlling stem rot disease.

The antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity, cytotoxicity, and synergy effect of Sesbania javanica Miq. in combination with tetracycline against opportunistic bacteria

Kongcharoensuntorn, W., Jaikua, W., Pansanoi, P. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The result revealed that Sesbania javanica flower and leaf extracts exhibited the DPPH radical scavenging activity by IC₅₀ of 2.07 and 2.38 and mg/mL, respectively. S. javanica flower and leaf extracts showed antibacterial activities against some opportunistic bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, as MICs ranging between 10 to 80 mg/ml. The synergistic combination of tetracycline and S. javanica flower and leaf extracts showed additive effect against drug resistant P. aeruginosa, and indifferent effect against E. coli ATCC 25922, drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and FICIs were between 0.5 to 2. Time kill assay was revealed bacteriostatic effect that the flower extract of S. javanica was significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, drug resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. The viabilities of bacteria were reduced at least 2log CFU/mL under log phase, when applying with 1/2 MIC tetracycline plus 1/16 MIC to 1/2048 S. javanica extract. In addition, S. javanica flower extract inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as % inhibitions ranging 66.57±1.29 - 69.6±0.92%. Cytotoxicity test of S. javanica flower and leaf extracts exhibited no toxicity against RAW-264.7 macrophages. This study demonstrated that S. javanica could be developed as a novel supplement of tetracycline to enhance antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.

Application of activity-based costing to the logistics cost system of organic vegetables in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Koprasert, K., Watanakanjana, C., Detthamrong, U., Khermkhan, J. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The research finding indicated that the logistic costs based on the activity-based costing of organic vegetables in Nakhon Pathom had averaged the costs of logistic system of 38,568 baht per rai, and the order quantity costs or total production order was 17,753 baht per rai (46.03%) including total transportation costs of 20,500 baht per rai (53.15%), total warehouse costs was 300 baht per rai (0.78%) and the information process costs was 15 baht per rai (0.04%). It is involved with the guideline of the logistic cost reduction by gathering the network members of organic vegetable growers with the producing plan under the supporting agency including the setup for the production distribution center.

Quality improvement of boba from sago flour supplemented with inulin using electron beam

Leelawat, B., Thongwattananun, S., Jaroenjun, N., Sajjabut, S. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The results indicated that increasing the proportion of sago flour led to increase in hardness and gumminess, as well as increased in redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). In terms of sensory evaluation, the 70:30 formula were not significantly differed from the control formula in all attributes. The addition of inulin at various levels was then studied, including 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by flour weight. The higher ratios of inulin addition resulted to increase hardness, lightness, (L*), and water activity. The 7.5% inulin addition received the highest overall liking score from the sensory test. Afterward, the 70:30 formula with 7.5% inulin was subjected to electron beam irradiation at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kGy. As the dose increased, it increased in both hardness and gumminess. The doses at 6 kGy decreased in the total plate count (TPC) of untreated Boba. The Boba texture was improved by investigating the incorporation of modified starch (MS) at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by flour weight along with the 6 and 8 kGy irradiation. The hardness and gumminess of Boba with 10% and 20% MS at 6 kGy and 20% MS at 8 kGy were not significantly differed from the control (p > 0.05) and the Boba with 20% MS at 8 kGy received the highest liking score.

A structural equation model of food security promotion among rice-farming households in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Results revealed that the highest level of food security dimension among rice farming households was 'food accessibility' and 'food availability,' followed by 'food utilization and safety,' and 'food stability', respectively. Regarding food security promotion among rice-farming households, the highest level was 'intra-household understanding related to household food security', followed by 'having a supplementary occupation', 'enhancing social support', and 'self-reliance'. The regression analysis using the stepwise method revealed that off-farm income had a positive effect on household food security, whereas household debt was found to be negatively associated with household food security. Moreover, the structural equation model analysis indicated that intra-household understanding related to food security directly and positively influenced household food security. Furthermore, intra-household understanding related to food security had a positive and indirect effect on household food security through social support in the local community, enhancing supplementary household occupation, and household self-reliance, respectively.

β-Glucan production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using mango-fermented wastewater

Mongkontanawat, N., Phuangborisut, S. , Boonna, S., Nitteranon, V. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Three types of fermented mango wastewater including salted fermented, sweet fermented, and dried pickled, were used in this study. The result revealed that salted-fermented showed significantly highest in lightness (L*), while greenness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were found in sweet fermented. For chemical properties, all fermented wastewater showed acidity properties and significantly highest total soluble solids found in sweet-fermented. Microbiological properties were significantly highest in salted fermented. For the optimum condition formula for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, β-glucan production, and the ratio of wastewater to distilled water 1:4 showed the highest yield and β-glucan production. Then, this condition was selected to study the optimum time on yield and β-glucan production. Results exhibited that the significantly highest yield was in sweet fermented for yeast cultivation at 72 h. The significantly highest β-glucan production was also found in sweet fermented for yeast cultivation at 24 h. Overall, the obtained results implied that the wastewater from fermented mango could be used as the media for yeast cultivation and recycling of agro-industrial wastewater.

The quality of vermicast from biotransformation of different organic substrates using Lumbricus rubellus and Perionyx excavates

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The study discovered that substrates from farming activities and weeds offered a different quality of vermicast produced using Lumbricus rubellus and Perionyc excavatus. All substrates in the bio-convertor bin had similar temperatures and humidity; however, the pH was significantly different, where goat substrate exhibited the highest pH during eight weeks of vermicomposting. Substrate from cattle waste, fermented Melastoma, and rice straw yielded comparable vermicast production, but that from goats had lower production. The production of vermicast using Perionyx was greater than Lumbicus. Even though the yield of vermicast from goat substrate was the lowest, it had the highest P, K, Mg, and Fe contents. The contents of N and Ca were comparable in vermicast produced from goat and Melastoma substrates. Besides, Cu and Zn were higher in vermicast from animal substrate than plant residues. The contents of organic C and Pb were similar among all substrates. Both Lumbricus and Perionyx produced similar quality of vermicast. Melastoma weed is a prospective substrate for earthworm biotransformation to produce nutrient-rich organic fertilizer. The study further reveals that epigeic species worms, Lumbricus rubellus and Perionyx excavatus are equally suitable for the biotransformation of agricultural wastes and weeds.

Chemometric approach to characterizing and comparing the quality of buffalo meat from Nakhon Phanom and Khammouane provinces

Phoemchalard, C., Tathong, T. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The results indicated that a chemometric approach could effectively characterize different attributes in quality between buffalo meat from Nakhon Phanom (NP) province, Thailand and Khammouane (KM) province, Laos. Neither the unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) model nor the supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model completely separated the NP and KM groups. However, the sparse PLS-DA model was able to successfully distinguish between the meat samples originating from KM versus NP. Interestingly, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) exhibited superior discriminatory performances between regional meat samples. The robust OPLS-DA model used an orthogonal and a predictive factor, demonstrating a strong fit with R²X = 0.715, R²Y = 0.877 (P<0.001), and Q²Y = 0.803 (P<0.001). Consequently, two crucial variables were identified based on the selection criteria (VIP>2, P<0.05, FDR<0.05). Meat odors from sensors 1 (AUC=0.936, 95% CI: 0.841-0.989) and 4 (AUC=0.948, 95% CI: 0.843-1.000) could effectively distinguish between the NP and KM meats. In conclusion, the chemometric analysis successfully discerned regional quality differences and identified key discriminatory variables.

Lotus flower extract as a natural anti-browning agent for fresh romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia)

Pradabkun, N., Yeamsuriyotai, K., Teerarak, M., Saetiew, K. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The effect of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) and Siam tulip (Curcuma sessilis) aqueous extract on reduction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) were evaluated. Results showed that in vitro lotus flower aqueous extract exerted the highest reduction of PPO and POD activities on the romaine lettuce. The effectiveness of in vivo application of lotus flower aqueous extract to control browning cut stem ends of fresh romaine was examined. Romaine lettuce harvested as a whole plant and cut off at the stem. Cut stem ends of romaine lettuce were dipped in various concentrations of lotus flower extract for 5 min and packaged in polypropylene plastic bags. Weight loss, color, browning index as well as PPO and POD activities were evaluated during 12 days of storage at temperature of 10±2°C and relative humidity 50±5%. Cut stem ends dipped in 0.5% aqueous extract of lotus flower resulted in inhibition of browning of cut stem ends and decrease in PPO and POD activities. Thus, exogenous 0.5% aqueous lotus flower extract treatment could be a useful application to alleviate browning in cut stem ends of fresh romaine lettuce.

Use of high protein dietary leaves substitute protein source in organic laying hens feed

Puramongkon, P., Puramongkon, T., Kongraksa, A. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The results showed that comparing egg percentage, egg weight, egg shell thickness eggshell weight Yolk weight egg white height and hog unit of laying hens fed diet using plant leaf substitute protein source from organic soybean meal were not statistically differed (p>0.05). In terms of egg white and yolk quality of organic chicken eggs can be used high protein plant leaves instead of organic soybean meal protein. It was found that cassava leaves was more effective than acacia leaves and mulberry leaves based on egg white weight, and the color of the egg yolk was significantly higher than the leaves of other plants. It can be concluded that the use of cassava leaves as raw material to replace protein sources from soybean meal in organic laying hen diet. Because there was no difference in egg percentage, egg weight and eggshell characteristics, but the egg white height was higher. The color of the egg yolk was significantly higher than the raw material from other plant leaves, and the egg quality level was AA level. Cassava leaves are also readily available raw materials and it is cheaper than using organic soybean meal.

Evaluating the mycelial growth of bolete from pine forest in highland Vietnam

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Ectomycorrhizal fungi were difficultly isolates in artificial culture. The evaluation of mycelial preservation was important for predicting the macrofungal cultivated potential of this group. In this study, 24 bolete sporocarps were collected from Pinus kesiya pine forests at Da Nhim Watershed Protection Forest which were successfully isolated. Basing on macroscopic characteristics and molecular phylogenetic retrieved from ITS markers, all sporocarps were identified to be 5 genera as Suillus, Boletus, Baorangia, Leccinum and Tylopilus. All fungal isolates were evaluated the mycelial growth and then preserved on MMN agar medium at
10 ^oC. Suillus with the best mycelium growth potential was significantly different from the others. After 1 year and 2 years of storage, 24 fungal isolates were evaluated the mycelial growth by both MMN broth and agar. The results showed that all isolates which belongs to Suillus were viable after 2 years preservation except isolate A04101. These are preserved the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources for studies about inoculation, biochemistry and artificial culture.

Growth and yield response of green mustard under the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and organic amendment in acid soil

Setyowati, N., Muktamar, Z., Sentosa, P. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The study indicated that the combination of 25% recommended nitrogen synthetic fertilizer and 75% N from chicken manure provided the highest growth and yield of green mustard represented by the shoot height, leaf area, root length, shoot and root weight, and nitrogen uptake. The substitution of 75% N synthetic fertilizer by chicken manure can improve N uptake by green mustard as much as four times higher, and N absorption efficiency increased by almost 1.5 folds. The yield of the fertilizer combination can increase more than 5-fold compared to the recommended N fertilizer and is approximately 80% higher than chicken manure alone. Also, the combination had the highest nitrogen absorption efficiency. The study is significant for sustainable agriculture implementation by reducing up to 75% of nitrogen synthetic fertilizer.

Nutritional evaluation of banana inflorescence and development of food products

Soans, J. C., Pavithra, M., Sridhar, K. R. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Bananas, being versatile herbaceous plants, are valuable for their fruit, fruit peel, inflorescence, pseudostem and fibre, which are nutritionally, medicinally and industrially valuable. This study ventures to report nutritional, functional and food products (pickles and cookies) using the inflorescence of a native variety of bananas in southwest India. Uncooked and cooked inflorescence flours did not show notable changes in moisture or total lipid contents. Protein, crude fibre and ash contents were significantly higher in uncooked as compared to cooked flours, whereas the opposite was true for carbohydrates and calorific value. Cooked flours had significantly higher bulk density, swelling power, percent solubility, and water-absorption capacity, whereas uncooked flours had significantly lower gelation concentration, emulsion activity and foam properties. Oil-absorption capacity and emulsion stability did not show any difference between uncooked and cooked flours. Pickles (uncooked and cooked chops) and cookies (uncooked and cooked flours) offered good sensory scores, indicating their acceptability as food products. The study suggested that the inflorescence of bananas could be a valuable source of dietary supplements and food products owing to its superior nutritional properties, functional attributes and sensory values.

Application of microcrystalline cellulose gel as a fat reduction strategy in phosphate-free emulsified sausage

Sorapukdee, S., Phengmanee, N., Mongput, W., Pilasombut, K., Tangwatcharin, P. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Three treatments of phosphate-free pork sausages were formulated by replacing pork backfat with 0% (control), 5%, and 10% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) gel. MCC gel was prepared by chopping MCC powder with cold water in the ratio of 1:9 prior to use as a fat replacer. The addition of 5% MCC gel showed the similar product textural characteristics and color when compared with control (p>0.05). The 10% MCC gel increased in grilling loss with decrease lightness and yellowness of tested sausages (p<0.05), but could improve firmness with higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than control (p<0.05). However, after 4-weeks storage at 4°C, the 10% MCC gel showed the lower lipid oxidation as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value than other sausages (p<0.05). Comparing with the control sample, the detrimental impact of MCC gel both 5% and 10% on sensorial characteristics tested by sensory panelist in terms of color, flavor, texture, taste, and overall acceptability were not found (p<0.05). The 10% MCC gel added product had the lowest fat content and total energy value (1.80% and 128.79 kcal/100 g, respectively) together with the highest crude fiber content (4.27%) (p<0.05). While the control sample, high-fat content formulation without added MCC gel, exhibited the highest fat content and total energy value (8.18% and 200.08 kcal/100 g, respectively) with the lowest crude fiber content (0.70%) (p<0.05). These compositions revealed that the 10% MCC gel added sausage could categorize as reduced-fat, reduced-calories, and good source of fiber when compared to the same regular products. The findings pointed out that MCC gel as a fat replacer offered potential advantages in upscaling phosphate-free and reduced-fat sausage.

Rate of Azolla microphylla dry matter on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of Japonica rice

Suraphonphinit, A., Phakamas, N., Samart, S. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The responses to the application of Azolla microphylla dry matter for nitrogen use efficiency for biomass (NUE) and nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) were investigated in two Japonica rice varieties. NUE and NUEg reduced with higher rated of Azolla application. The highest values were recorded at the rate of 37.5 kg N ha^-1, and the lowest values were recorded at 187.5 kg N ha^-1. DOA1 was higher than DOA2 for NUE, but they were similar for NUEg. Grain yields increased with higher rates of Azolla application. Grain yield was the lowest at the rate of 37.5 kg N ha^-1and the highest at the rate of 187.5 kg N ha^-1. DOA1 and DOA2 which were similar for grain yield.

Multivariable analysis of physicochemical and functional characterization of four Thai pigmented rice varieties

Tai, N. V., Kunyanee, K. , Luangsakul, N. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Four Thai pigmented rice varieties as know as colored rice — two sources of Manpo red rice [Manpo A (Ounjai company), Manpo B (Thongmanee comapny)], Hommali (red), and Riceberry (purple) were investigated. Result showed the moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, and amylose contents of the four types of varieties ranged from 8.62-10.39%, 7.88-9.05%, 1.87-2.90%, 1.67-1.78%, 76.32-79.52%, and 14.17-26.67%, respectively. Abundant fat and protein contents were found in Manpo A, while Manpo B had the highest amylose content. Riceberry and Manpo A varieties were found to have low amylose content. Therefore, the functional properties of the rice varieties were also different. Among the different varieties, Riceberry possessed low swelling power, OAI, and pasting properties; it also exhibited high levels of solubility, WAI, and antioxidant properties. Pearson’s correlation illustrated the relationships among the properties of the rice varieties, which revealed that antioxidant compounds could prohibit the gelatinization process. PCA and HCA separated the cultivars into two groups and showed that Riceberry demonstrated significant differences in characteristics from other varieties, which confirmed that the high content of antioxidants could remarkably lower the value of pasting parameters of rice paste. Finally, this study found that colored rice varieties have a high level of antioxidants, which indicates their potential use as nutraceutical foods. The unique characteristics of colored rice warrants further research to facilitate their utilization in appropriate food products to enhance health benefits.

Production of F1 Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. homozygous and heterozygous: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of flower colors and self and cross-pollination ability between different flower colors

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Results showed that seed germination of Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. was not significantly different between self-pollination treatments, while the percentage of self-pollination ability and seedling numbers were significantly different at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. Pink and purple flowers had the highest self-pollination ability at 100% and the highest numbers of seedlings (1,295) for self-pollination of pink flowers. Percentages of cross-pollination ability, pod size and weight, and seed weight were not significantly different between treatments, while percentages of seed germination and seedling numbers were significantly different at the 0.01 level. The PixPu hybrid showed 100% seed germination, whereas the PixWh hybrid yielded the highest number of seedlings (403.2). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to study the genetic relations between various flower colors of P. hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. and the F1 hybrids of self- and cross-pollinated plants were classified into two clusters by UPGMA methods.

Influence of irrigation water quantity and fertilizer applied together with mulch on the growth and yield of oil palm cv. Deli x Nigeria (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Wiangsamut, B. — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0700

The result showed that only the irrigation water quantity of 200 L palm/day (IQ200) promoted better growth and quality of oil palm cv. Deli x Nigeria as compared with those of irrigation water quantity of 100 L/palm/day (IQ100) and no irrigation (IQ0). IQ200 helped in increasing significant fruit pulp thickness by 32.79% as well as reduced the palm kernel diameter by 4.76% as compared with IQ0. Through correlation analysis, pulp thickness was negatively associated with palm kernel diameter (r= - 0.74). Nevertheless, a sufficient irrigation of IQ200 led to obtain high values of the fruit diameter, fruit height, twenty-five fruits weight, number of bunch per palm, and fresh weight of bunch per palm, as compared with those under IQ100 and IQ0. The application of fertilizer together with mulch derived from byproducts of oil palm (FM) contributed to significant values of fruit diameter (14.36%), pulp thickness (17.91%), twenty-five fruits weight (20.28%), and yield (71.49%; fresh weight of bunch per palm) higher than those of no application of fertilizer and mulch (NFM). Therefore, the irrigation water quantity of 200 L/palm/day and application of fertilizer together with mulch derived from byproducts of oil palm could better determine the growth and yield of oil palm cv. Deli x Nigeria during the dry season period, than the other irrigation methods of water quantity of 100 L/palm/day, no irrigation, and no application of fertilizer and mulch.