International Journal of Agricultural Technology

Shallot cultivation on unsuitable agro-climate and marginal lowland treated with chicken manure in Bengkulu, Indonesia

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Agro-climatological condition in Bengkulu is unsuitable and most areas have marginal soil characteristics for shallot cultivation. However, all shallot varieties were adaptable and grown on the cultivation area after the soil characteristics were ameliorated. Faced with unsuitable agro-climatic conditions such as too much rainfall, farmers should construct plastic shade or should adjust planting time during the closed dry season. Futhermore, all shallot varieties responded significantly to the chicken manure applied and 7 varieties involved Bima Brebes, Kramat, TSS Agrihort 1, Violetta 2, Violetta 3 Agrihort 1, Trisula, and Bauji significantly responded to the increasing doses of the manure applied. Bima Brebes and Violetta 3 Agrihort 1 showed the best yield performed by the shallot yields at 10 tons ha^-1 of the chicken manure applied while Kramat, TSS Agrohort 1, Violetta 2, and Trisula showed the best yield at 20 tons ha^-1 of the manure added. Furthermore, Bauji started to respond significantly at 20 tons ha^-1 and increased significantly the yields when the increasing doses of the manure were applied. The highest yields of the shallot bulbs are grown on the irrigated marginal lowland in this area when the chicken manure was applied at 20 tons ha^-1 which gave 20.996 tons’ ha^-1 for the dry weight of the shallot bulbs.

Postharvest treatment to control mycotoxin in coffee bean using radio frequency

Charuhirunroch, C., Chanbang, Y., Ruangwong, O., Muenmanee, N., Akarapisan, A. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Analytical results indicated the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B1, and total aflatoxins in all coffee bean samples. The concentration levels ranged from non-detectable to 46.40 μg/kg for OTA, 18.73–50.44 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1, and 10.18–31.75 μg/kg for total aflatoxins. All coffee bean samples were contaminated with both total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1. Radio frequency (RF) treatments evaluated for the reduction of mycotoxins in coffee beans showed that applying RF at 55.00 °C for 180 seconds did not reduce the percentage of inoculated coffee beans to the same level as the non-RF-treated samples. However, high moisture content was associated with increased levels of ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, and total aflatoxins.

Yield enhancement efficacy of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 biofertilizer on Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) producion in Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand

Duangkaew, P., Kim, K. Y., Monkhung, S. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Biofertilizers are the best choice to promote organic and sustainable agriculture by enhancing productivity and reducing chemical fertilizer use. The results showed that T4 bacterial pure culture significantly improved plant height (96.83±0.50 cm) and D-leaf length (84.06±1.55cm) at the third month of application (P < 0.05). In addition, T4 significantly enhanced fruit weight (1.12±0.07 kg/fruit) and fruit yield (66.3 t/ha) compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). However, the fruit characteristics including fruit lengths, perimeters, citric acid contents, and total soluble solids (TSS) of pineapple fruits were not significantly differed. Therefore, these findings indicated the efficacy of B. velezensis as a biofertilizer is enhanced pineapple productivity.

Isolation and characterization of bacterial agglutinating lectin from Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

Gargabite-Bolaňos, B. F. L., Abucay Jr., J. B., Rodavia, N. C. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Results showed that the isolated lima bean lectin (LBL) exhibited a total protein composition of 0.261 mg/mL and was found to be a glycoprotein containing 0.053 µg of carbohydrates per milligram of protein. The hapten inhibition assay presented that purified LBL is precise to the following sugars such as glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactose, xylose, fructose, sucrose, d-maltose, mannose, mannitol, raffinose, arabinose, and lactose. It is also demonstrated that LBL established an affinity toward bacteria causing disease such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. LBL is shown to be a strong agglutinating action against E. coli, it can be used as a ligand for sensing foodborne pathogens and is important in developing lectin-based biosensors.

Effect of milk thistle with artichoke or gingko leaves extract on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers

Janrong, S., Tumvijit, N. , Taemchuay, D. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results showed that the milk thistle with artichoke extract (T1) and the milk thistle with ginkgo leaves extract (T2) significantly decreased the FCR from day 35 to day 42 compared with control group (C) (P<0.05). Moreover, the mortality rate tended to decrease in groups T1 and T2 compared with the control group from day 14 to day 21. However, the growth performance that is shown from the body weight gain (BWG), the feed intake (FI) and the average daily gain (ADG) which tended to increase but still not different from the control group (C). Carcass characteristics were studied by sampling 2 birds at 42 days from each replicate, then slaughtered and weighing the organs. Carcass and organs weight of the chickens in the treatment groups (T1 and T2) were not differed from those in the control group (C). Therefore, supplementing this substance in broilers should help to adjust the FCR values and improve growth performance.

Water management in outside irrigation areas of Tha Takiap sub-distric, Tha Takiap distric, Chachoengsao province, Thailand

Kangsawat, T., Rukanee, D. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results showed that there was a total amount of runoff was about 6,831,447.60 cubic meters, and the total water use for each activity in an area of about 6,685,449.46cubic meter. When comparing the total watery supply with the water consumption of every activity throughout the year, the water supply was sufficient to meet the demand for water. The monthly rainfall was recorded more water than in all activities in August, about 724,586.66 cubic meters. Therefore, there should be reserved more water storage for water retention during water shortages, excavation of pools and reservoirs to optimize the water capture efficiency, planting planning.

Biosurfactant from Streptomyces zaomyceticus HUS20 isolated from the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize bioactive molecules with significant industrial and medicinal applications. In order to assess the possibility for producing biosurfactant (BS), this study sought to identify culturable actinobacteria from the high-altitude soils of Dugtu Village in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Actinobacteria were isolated from pre-treated soil samples using nutrient agar, starch casein nitrate agar, and actinomycetes isolation agar, which were enhanced with 1% crude oil. Using the haemolytic assay, oil displacement test, emulsification activity, drop collapse assay, and penetration assay, morphologically different colonies were tested for the production of BS. Out of 58 actinobacterial cultures, strain HUS20 showed considerable emulsification index (65%) and a 30 mm zone in the oil displacement test. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain HUS20 was shown to be 100% identical to Streptomyces zaomyceticus (GenBank accession: OQ996835.1). in HR LC MS analysis, the crude biosurfactant extract showed the presence of more than 164 metabolites. Additionally, the crude biosurfactant demonstrated strong antibacterial action against foodborne pathogens, with Bacillus cereus showing the greatest suppression (24 mm zone at 100 mg/ml). The potential of actinobacteria from harsh Himalayan habitats as a useful resource for the synthesis of biosurfactants is highlighted by this work. Streptomyces zaomyceticus HUS20 is a promising strain for isolation of potential biosurfactant molecule.

Impacts of artificial shading on growth and some morphological traits of Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Romaine) cultivated in urban areas

Lakitan, B. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Shade has an impact on the leaf morphology of Romaine lettuces. The shape of the leaves that grow below 80% shade was slimmer and elongated. The effect of etiolation was also clearly visible on the plant canopy at 80% shade. The main stem became slimmer and taller. Dense shade (80%) was proven to inhibit the enlargement process (0.662 cm2/day) and the final size of the leaf area. Also, the leaves became stagnant earlier (7.92 days). The leaf length (L) x leaf width (W) was selected as a predictor in estimating the leaf area (LA). The most reliable model for LA estimation is using a linear regression model with zero intercept LA = 0.6907 LW (R² = 0.9851). Morphologically, the growth of Romaine lettuces was also hampered in the canopy area, canopy diameter, number of leaves, leaf thickness, main stem length, leaf length, and leaf width. On the other hand, the growth of Romaine lettuces that were exposed to full sunlight increased the weights of stem, leaf and roots. There was a strong positive relationship between the leaf area and some selected parameters such as leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, petiole fresh weight, and petiole dry weight. It is concluded that Romaine lettuce is found to be a type of vegetable that showed intolerant of shade. It is needed additional artificial light to achieve good crop yields and vegetable quality under shady enviroment

Yield of maize as treated with plant-based liquid fertilizers at varying concentrations and frequencies of application

Liswanti, I., Chozin, M., Sumardi, S. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Azolla (Azolla pinnata), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), and banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) are known to contain nutrients that can serve as an environmentally friendly fertilizer. Result indicated that liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from leachate mix of azolla, water lettuce, and banana peel has the potential to serve as an alternative source of nutrients for maize production, in lieu of inorganic fertilizers. Grain number per row, tip filling, weight of 100 grains, and grain yield can be maximized by three applications of LOF at 2, 4, and 6 WAP with a 10% concentration, or two applications at 2 and 4 WAP with a 20% concentration, or a single application at 2 WAP with a 30% concentration.

Factors affecting the sharing of information on quality durian production by farmers in Rayong Province, Thailand

Meehat, N., Suwanmaneepong, S., Kerdsriserm, C. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the factors influencing information exchange among durian farmers in Rayong Province, Thailand, regarding high-quality production practices. A survey of 54 farmers, equally distributed by gender, revealed an average age of 44.52 years, with most being married and holding at least a bachelor’s degree. The majority cultivated Monthong durian on plots of five rai or larger and had over five years of experience. Farmers applied their knowledge of water and maintenance systems, among other practices. The study findings revealed that motivation levels correlated with the farmers’ propensity to share information. Factors influencing information exchange, ranked from the highest to the lowest average value, were knowledge promotion and development (x̄ = 4.24), marketing (x̄ = 4.00), along with social relations and acceptance (x̄ = 3.46), resulting in a high overall level (x̄ = 3.90). Multiple regression analysis revealed traditional water management wisdom as the sole significant predictor of information-sharing behavior among the 11 variables tested, influencing both knowledge promotion (β = 0.573, p = 0.002) and marketing information sharing (β = 0.467, p = 0.011). Demographic characteristics, farming practices, and other production knowledge had no significant impact on farmers' sharing motivations.

Design, fabrication and evaluation of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam.) seed sheller

Ngoho, R. A., Bellen, J. A., Cerna, J. B. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Jackfruit seed endosperm has been used to create several food products. However, raw jackfruit seeds are covered with hard covering making it difficult to remove the shell manually. Manual seeding is uneconomical because of the sheer volume of jackfruit seeds produced during the production of vacuum-fried jackfruit. The jackfruit shelling machine performance was rated according to shelling capacity, shelling efficiency, percentage seed injury, and percentage separator loss. The fabricated jackfruit seed sheller has a smooth feeding performance, no unpleasant mechanical vibration, and tolerable level of blower noise. Shelling efficiency was highly correlated with drying time for both raw and frozen seeds. Shelling efficiency of the machine feed with dried raw seeds using single pass shelling is best at 57%, while 59% for frozen seeds, when both were dried for 15 hours. Shelling capacity of the machine using frozen seeds increases with longer drying period unlike raw seeds that is more or less constant. The average capacity of the sheller is around 390 – 420 kg-hr-1 of raw seeds and 251 kg-hr-1 to 532 kg-hr-1 of shelled seeds for frozen seeds. Seeds that were frozen prior to drying attained the highest shelling capacity when dried for 9.0 hours at 528 kg-hr-1 and is 20% higher than dried raw seeds at 420 kg-hr-1. In addition, losses and injuries were only recorded for seeds dried for not more than 3 hours (frozen) and 6 hours (raw) at 2.75% and 5.96%, respectively.

Morphology, antibacterial, and molecular analysis using the RAPD method on bamboo in Bengkulu, Indonesia

Okfrianti, Y., Herison, C., Fahrurrozi., Budianto., Dudin, G. A., Wijaya, L. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The Bengkulu community uses bamboo shoots for fermented food lemea, a local fermented food. Conservation is crucial to prevent extinction. A study explored bamboo's shape, antibacterial qualities, and genetic features. Bamboo samples were collected and morphological properties and antibacterial activity were identified. The study found differences in morphological, antibacterial, and molecular similarity coefficients. The similarity coefficient based on morphological characters was 59%, divided into two clusters. Based on the results of molecular analysis, the similarity coefficient was 79%, divided into three clusters. There were differences in morphological, antibacterial and molecular similarity coefficients.

Effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and stress of Anabas testudineus

Pengseesang, R., Wiangsamut, B., Kulabtong, S. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis on the growth performance and stress tolerance of A. testudineus were investigated to utilize a total of 12 tanks with sex-reversed fish averaging 1.86±0.559 g, the experiment was conducted over 8 weeks with four dietary treatments: control, garlic, B. subtilis at 1 x 10⁵ CFU/kg, 1 x 10⁷ CFU/kg, and 1 x 10⁹ CFU/kg. Growth parameters including final weight, mean length gain, weight gain, percentage weight gain, average daily growth, and specific growth rate showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in fish fed the diet supplemented with garlic and B. subtilis at 1 x 10⁹ CFU/kg, compared to other treatments. This diet also resulted in the highest survival rate (100%) compared to the control (87.50%). Feed efficiency metrics such as average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency were significantly better in the 1 x 10⁹ CFU/kg treatment group. Water quality analysis indicated no significant differences in temperature (p>0.05) but showed better pH and dissolved oxygen levels in the same treatment group. Carcass composition revealed a higher fillet percentage and lower skeletal proportion in fish fed with the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 10⁹ CFU/kg. Proximate analysis of the fish flesh demonstrated higher crude protein and ether extract content for the same diet. Additionally, stress tolerance experiments under temperature fluctuations revealed that fish receiving the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 10⁹CFU/kg exhibited significantly lower mortality rates under stress conditions at 15°C and 35°C. Overall, dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis, particularly at 1 x 10⁹CFU/kg, enhanced growth performance, feed efficiency, and stress resilience in A. testudineus.

Factors affecting the adoption of organic agricultural standards among members of community enterprises in Roi Et Province, Thailand

Prawat, S., Mankeb, P., Chulilung, P., Charoenkittayawut, S., Khermkhun, J. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The level of adoption of organic agricultural standards in crop production among members of community enterprises in Roi Et Province was assessed which based on the Certification Alliance Organic Standards. The findings revealed that four components including maintenance of organic management practices, pest and disease management, conversion to organic production, and enclosed cropping systems, were adopted at a very high level. The remaining components, including land and water management, contamination prevention, biodiversity, crop selection, and breeding, showed high levels of adoption. Split and parallel production received the lowest score but remained within the high adoption range. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that experiences in organic farming, knowledge related to organic farming, and attitude towards organic farming positively and statistically influenced the level of adoption of organic agricultural standards among members of community enterprises in Roi Et Province.

Isolation, identification, and heavy metal tolerance of fungi from rice growing area contaminated with cadmium and lead in San Manuel, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines

Ramos, P. S. Jr., Dulay, R. M. R., Kalaw, S. P. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Heavy metal contamination of rice paddy is one of the problems in the rice growing areas. High amounts of cadmium and lead are hazardous to the health of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. The present study isolated, identified, and evaluated the potential mycoremediators from the rice growing area contaminated with heavy metals at Sitio Namangonan, Guiset Norte, San Manuel, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines. The soil sample contained 0.42 mg/kg cadmium and 57.80 mg/kg lead. Four species of fungi namely: Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium resticulosum, and Penicillium nigricans were isolated from the soil contaminated with cadmium and lead. Penicillium janthenellum had highest occurrence with 42.85% among the four identified species of fungi. Furthermore, Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium resticulosum, and Penicillium nigricans are tolerant up to 100 mg/kg cadmium (Cd) concentration while Penicillium janthinellum can tolerate 10 mg/kg Cd concentration. Moreover, Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium resticulosum, and Penicillium nigricans can withstand 1000 mg/kg lead (Pb) concentration. Hence, the different isolates are heavy metal tolerant in rice paddy soil contaminated with cadmium and lead.

The effect of the drying process on the SFE optimization of bio-compounds of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) peels

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The effect of vacuum and freeze drying on the optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process of mango and pineapple peels to obtain bioactive extracts was evaluated. The influence of several SFE parameters was investigated using a central composite design (CCD) with four central points, to estimate the effect of three independent variables (co-solvent flow rate, pressure and temperature) on the yield, antioxidant activity, and content of bioactive compounds. It was found that vacuum drying was more effective for mango peels (ethanol flow) and freeze-drying for pineapple peels (ethanol flow and temperature). Using the multiple response methodology by the desirability approach, the optimum SFE conditions for mango peel were found at a co-solvent flow rate of 13.65%, temperature of 36.76 °C, and pressure of 294.82 bar, whereas the optimal conditions for pineapple peel were found at a co-solvent flow rate of 12.39%, temperature of 43 °C, and pressure of 100 bar. According to these results, an adequate combination of the drying method and SFE in optimal conditions makes possible the integral use of these fruits to obtain valuable extracts with high potential to be used in various industries.

Comparative impact of drought stress on growth and yield traits of riceberry and KDML105 rice varieties

Sehawong, W., Subepang, S., Kaewtaphan, P., Chotchutima, S. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The impact of drought stress on the growth and yield components of two Thai rice varieties, Riceberry and KDML 105, was investigated under four irrigation levels (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 mL per 10 days). Significant differences were observed between the two varieties across multiple traits. KDML 105 exhibited superior stem height, dry matter accumulation, and grain production, particularly under high water availability. In contrast, Riceberry produced a greater number of tillers per hill and retained higher soil moisture under limited irrigation, indicating improved water use efficiency (WUE). While KDML 105 achieved optimal grain production and seed weight at 7,000 mL, Riceberry demonstrated superior adaptability to water-limited conditions, due to its compact morphology and effective water retention. These findings suggested that KDML 105 is better suited for water-abundant environments, whereas Riceberry is a promising variety for drought-prone areas requiring water-saving cultivation practices.

The effect of different periods of aestivation on recovery and nutritional composition of Apple snail (Pomacea sp.)

Srijad, S., Sang-in, V., Pilapang, K. , Yomla, R. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results showed a 100% recovery of all experimental groups. The survival rate of aestivation groups (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) showed a significant difference, and the survival rate was 94.78±4.50, 90.82±3.11, and 88.78±2.86 percent, respectively. The average weight at the end of the experiment was 19.3±1.2, 15.1±3.7, 15.4±3. 6 and 13.8±2.9 g, respectively, which were not significantly different (P>0.05). The nutritional composition after aestivation showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in protein values among the groups. The protein value was 47.53±0.44, 51.17±0.53, 52.88±0.18, and 53.95±0.24 percent, respectively. The protein values showed an increasing trend over the aestivation period, while the fat was between 2.1-2.4 percent, and fiber was between 0.3-0.4 percent were not significantly different (P>0.05). The percentage of ash was significantly different (P<0.05), with values ranging from 17.0 to 19.4. It was shown that higher ash percentages were observed in the 4-week and 8-week groups. The percentages of NFE with values ranging from 24.1 to 33.1. Meanwhile, NFE percentages were higher in the control group and showed a decreasing trend over the study period. The percentage of calcium was significantly different (P>0.05), with values ranging from 5.6-6.7, while the percentage of phosphorus was about 0.6 percent, which was not statistically different (P>0.05). The survival rate trend of apple snails decreased with increasing aestivation period. Similarly, the body weight and NFE values decreased, but the body protein level increased.

Detection of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in brassicaceous plants through colorimetric one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay

Supakitthanakorn, S. — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study developed a highly efficient colorimetric one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for enhanced turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) detection. LAMP primers were newly designed targeting the coat protein (CP) gene of TuMV, ensuring specific amplification. The optimized protocol achieved successful amplification after a 45-min incubation in a heat block incubator at 65°C, with results immediately visible through distinctive colorimetric changes: positive samples transitioning from pink to yellowish color, whereas negative samples retained pink. Importantly, the sensitivity of this colorimetric one-step RT-LAMP significantly surpassed conventional RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for TuMV detection. The assay demonstrated complete specificity without cross-reactivity observed when tested against non-target plant viruses, confirming the high selectivity of the designed primers for TuMV detection. By integrating reverse transcription and amplification into a single reaction, this streamlined approach eliminates separate processing steps, substantially reducing both detection time and associated costs. This advancement represents a valuable tool for efficient diagnosis of RNA plant viruses in resource-limited settings.

The family 36 carbohydrate-binding module of Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus TW1 xylanase: Characterization and recognition in epidermal tissue of sweet potato roots

Tangthirasunun, N., Sornyotha, S., Jatupornpipat, M. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus TW1 was able to aerobically produce a multienzyme complex. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the crude enzyme preparation revealed at least 12 proteins that were bound to insoluble cellulose. Only the band representing cellulose-bound protein 12 (CBP12) from SDS-PAGE was identified as xylanase family 11 with a carbohydrate-binding module family 36 (CBM36) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). In this report, CBM36 of P. xylaniclasticus TW1 (PxTW1CBM36) was cloned, expressed, purified and studied for binding characteristic. The results found that PxTW1CBM36 displayed broad binding ability to polysaccharides which high affinity for xylan and insoluble cellulose. Interestingly, this is the first report indicated that CBM36 had an affinity for insoluble cellulose. Although the amino acid residues involved in PxTW1CBM36 binding were conserved, the binding capacity of PxTW1CBM36 do not perturb by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It is possible that PxTW1CBM36 had different binding mechanisms with other CBM36. In addition, the binding characteristic of CBM36 on polysaccharides embedded within plant cell walls was also elucidated. It displayed the strong recognition for ligands located in epidermal tissue of sweet potato roots. Therefore, this study might provide a new tool for targeting enzymes to surface of plant.

Optimizing simplified growing media to enhance cannabis cultivation

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluated the effects of different growing media on the vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, and inflorescence yield of Cannabis sativa L. ‘Platinum Kush Breath Remix’. A substrate composed of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite (3:1:1; PM) significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, and inflorescence yield. The highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents were observed in plants grown in a medium comprising coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite, and vermicompost (3:1:1:1; CC1), which was comparable to PM in terms of yield. Both PM and CC1 media significantly outperformed other treatments, indicating their suitability for optimizing C. sativa growth and productivity.

Effect of different diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nu Phuk (Bandicota indica) raised under a circle cement pond

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results showed that growth performance, chemical composition, fatty acid profile,
and amino acid profile in edible meat were significant different (P<0.05) but, carcass traits were
no significant different (P>0.05). In conclusion, edible meat of Nu Phuk (Bandicota indica) was
shown to be abundant essential fatty acid and essential amino acid, thereby promoting future
food, end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture.

The transmission of local wisdom in herbal processing of Pa Wa agroforestry network members, Kaeng Hang Maeo district, Chanthaburi province

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The content analysis revealed that the transmission of local wisdom in herbal processing among the agricultural network members involved in sender/source of information and transmitters, which included knowledgeable members of the network on herbal properties and processing methods, message or content are medicinal properties of herbs, processing procedures, and packaging methods, communication channels, including hands-on learning, demonstrations, practical involvement, and information exchange through discussions or inquiries, and the receivers of the transmitted knowledge, primarily network members, family members, relatives, and interested individuals participating in learning activities. The findings underscored the importance of preserving local wisdom in herbal processing within the community, as it resided within individuals and could potentially be lost. Therefore, it should focus on collecting and storing this knowledge for easier accessibility to ensure its continuity and potential development in the future.

Identification of new position of DNA insertion and 24-bp INDEL mutation polymorphism in prolactin gene promoter of Thai native chickens

Thongsaiklaing, T., Datumada, H., Morris, J. , Passara, H. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research identified a 24-bp INDEL (-358) on the promoter region of the PRL gene in Thai native chickens. The allele frequencies for allele I and allele D were 0.20 and 0.80, respectively. The genotype frequencies were II (0.028), ID (0.349), and DD (0.622), respectively. The heterozygosity values comprised the Ho (0.350), higher than the He value (0.323). Moreover, our findings revealed new DNA duplication on the PRL promoter region, with three distinct polymorphisms of 30 bp (-358), 24 bp (-358), and 14 bp (-358), respectively.

Comparison of cost and return for durian farmers on Magik Growth wrapping bag innovation to increase the quality of durian production in Rayong Province, Thailand

Thongtem, K., Suwanmaneepong, S., Suwunnamek, N., Kerdsriserm, C. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results of the study revealed that farmers who did not use the Magik Growth durian wrapping bag innovation had total costs of 37,647.48 baht per rai, resulting in an average yield of 1,420.41 kilograms per rai and a net profit of 164,999.25 baht per rai. In contrast, farmers who used the Magik Growth durian wrapping innovation had total costs of 48,724.58 baht per rai, leading to an average yield of 1,420.83 kilograms per rai and a net profit of 195,068.58 baht per rai. There was a significant difference of 0.01 in the average yield between those using and not using the Magik Growth durian wrapping innovation. Fixed costs and break-even yield also showed a statistically significant difference at 0.05. However, total costs, variable costs, production factors, product prices, net profit, and prices showed no statistically significant difference.

Fungicide resistance of chrysanthemum fungal pathogens and control of leaf spot disease in pot conditions using effective fungicides

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Leaf spot and wilt are the most destructive diseases affecting chrysanthemum crops in Thailand. The results revealed that two leaf spot pathogens were similar to Stemphylium lycopersici and Epicoccum sorghinum, while wilt pathogens were close to Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum. Among all the tested fungicides, S. lycopersici was sensitive to iprodione, whereas E. sorghinum was found to be susceptible to three fungicides: iprodione, difenoconazole, and mancozeb. Of the soilborne fungi, F. solani was sensitive only to chlorothalonil, whereas F. oxysporum was sensitive to four fungicides: chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, copper oxychloride, and mancozeb. The two fungicides that effectively controlled leaf spots caused by E. sorghinum on detached leaves were difenoconazole (1,000 ppm) and mancozeb (2,000 ppm), with 76.9 and 84.6% disease control, respectively. Furthermore, mancozeb (2,000 ppm) greatly suppressed the disease in pot conditions by 93.9%. This finding indicated that mancozeb is an effective fungicide for further use in rotation with difenoconazole as a part of the chrysanthemum disease management program in Nakhon Ratchasima and Loei provinces

The effects of rate and timing of cricket frass application on Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) production in low-fertility soils

Toonsiri, P., Klangsinsirikul, S. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The findings indicated that the varying rates of cricket frass application affected parameters such as shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The treatment that applied cricket frass at 48 kg ha^-¹ yielded the highest values for shoot height (49.52 cm), shoot fresh weight (31.89 g plant^-¹), and shoot dry weight (8.69 g plant^-¹). Considering the various periods for applying cricket frass before planting, the results showed that the timings significantly impacted only the shoot fresh weight. Applying cricket frass 0 day before transplanting (applying on the same day as transplanting) resulted in the highest shoot fresh weight (23.40 g plant^-¹). Additionally, interactions between the rate of cricket frass application and the timing of cricket frass application before planting were observed in relation to shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of kalmegh. Specifically, applying cricket frass at a rate of 48 kg ha^-¹ on the same day as transplanting led to the highest shoot fresh weight (34.46 g plant^-¹) and shoot dry weight (9.55 g plant^-¹). Therefore, cricket frass showed potential as a fertilizer for enhancing the yield of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) in low-fertility soils.

Biological characteristics and cultivation of wild Auricularia cornea recorded in Southern, Vietnam

Tra, H. M., Nhan, T. L., Tram, T. N., Hung, T. N., Thuoc, L. T. , Hoang, ND. P. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

To meet the increasingly diverse demand for edible mushrooms and stabilize the supply, it is necessary to domesticate new wild edible mushroom species. Two isolates of Auricularia cornea collected from the forest in the Southeast of Vietnam were studied to assess their physiological characteristics and cultivation potential on rubber sawdust. The findings indicated that ABI-F000301 (white strain) and ABI-F000302 (brown strain) exhibited similar morphological traits, confirming their classification as Auricularia cornea based on phylogenetic analysis utilizing the ITS marker. Both strains demonstrated robust growth in MCM broth, maintaining a pH between 6 and 7 and thriving at 30ºC. The most effective substrates for mushroom propagation were identified as oat and paddy grain. The mycelial colonization times for these strains in a 1 kg nylon bag were 29.87 ± 1.19 days for the white strain and 31.6 ± 2.03 days for the brown strain. Incorporating rice bran and corn bran at a ratio of 1.5% into the rubber sawdust yielded results of 542.23 ± 121.72 g/kg substrate for ABI-F000301 and 671.41 ± 127.38 g/kg substrate for ABI-F000302. The biological efficiencies achieved were 84.8 ± 19.02% for the white strain and 102.45 ± 19.9% for the brown strain. These results demonstrate that both strains of Auricularia cornea possess considerable potential for mass cultivation.

Distribution of humic substances and organic matter fraction: effects of long-term application of vermicompost

Utami, K., Muktamar, Z., Barchia, F., Gusmara, H., Sucahya, H. , Salim, H. — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The results indicated that long-term fertilization with vermicompost presented a positive correlation for fulvic acid more than humic acid. Fulvic acid as a part of humic substances can predict metal existence and its bioavailability in soil. In depth of 0-20cm, content of fulvic acid about 6.72 to 9.87%, higher than 20-40 cm about 3.78 to 6.84%. In vermicompost utilization, application 25 Ton ha^-1 was not significantly differed from 5 Ton ha^-1. Meanwhile, organic carbon started ranged 3.29 to 5.32% and 2.59 to 3.64% on soil depth 0-20cm and 20-40cm, respectively. Carbon stock at 0-20cm ranged about 53.02 to 88.29% and 34.02 to 64.30% at 20-40cm. Carbon, it consisted of total organic carbon (carbon stock) and lignin that caused a primary effect on humification processed. A positive correlation between level dose of vermicompost and soil depth for soil pH, fulvic acid, organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon stock, and lignin showed that organic fertilizer can give a positive impact to remain soil health and quality.