International Journal of Agricultural Technology

Performance evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. LAM) in different irrigation regimes using a drip irrigation system

Batoon, G. A., Bartolome, C. A., Panlasigui, P. D. , Salvador, M. G. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Results revealed that agronomic characteristics of sweet potatoes, such as length of vine and number of leaves, obtained a significant result at 2 months after treatment (2 MAT), 3 MAT and 4 MAT. Sweet potatoes under rainfed conditions, Treatment 1 (T₁), managed to yield a considerable number of tubers (21,428.57 kg/ha) but the treatments with irrigation, T₂ (75% of evaporation), T₃ (100% of evaporation) and T₄ (125% of evaporation) produced significantly higher yield (39,523.81kg/ha, 40,952.38 kg/ha and 41,428.57 kg/ha, respectively). However, irrigation regimes at different stages mostly did not significantly affect other parameters, such as the diameter of leaves and the number of branches. A comparison of the means for yield under treatments with irrigation obtained a comparable result. Hence, T₂ (75% of evaporation) is recommended as the basis for weekly irrigation. T₂ obtained the highest water productivity of 8.73 kg/cu-m (irrigation and rainfall). There was a more or less 100% increase in yield if supplementary irrigation was provided. The study suggested that supplementary irrigation using drip irrigation could improve the present sweet potato farming situation in Isabela, considering its potential to sustain farming during dry seasons and drought.

Survival and growth of selected ornamental crops in different soilless growing media in an Outdoor Modular Green Wall System

Cedillo, N. O., Sanchez Jr.,F. C., Aguilar, E. A. , Pangga, G. V. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Soilless growing media composed of coconut coir dust and vermicompost (2:1), with or without the addition of vermiculite and coconut husk-enriched biochar, supported high survival rates across all ornamental species studied, ranging from 83% to 89%. Among the four species, Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida) and Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) showed the highest suitability for vertical wall planting, with 96% and 67% survival rates, respectively. In contrast, survival was lowest in coconut coir dust alone (30%) and in commercial potting medium (24%). Combining coconut coir dust and vermiculite alone also resulted in a moderately low survival rate (63%). Growth parameters, including leaf count, leaf area, plant height, plant and root fresh and dry weights, canopy cover, and chlorophyll content, were generally improved in Mayana (Coleus scutellarioides), Croton (Codiaeum variegatum), Lantana (Lantana camara), and Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida) by media treatments containing vermicompost, with or without vermiculite and biochar, indicating that these soilless combinations enhance plant performance.

Chara corallina Klein ex C. L.Willdenow, the first report of an edible freshwater alga in Thailand and its potential for food

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The findings revealed that local knowledge is transmitted primarily through observation and experiential learning. Such knowledge enables community members to identify natural sources of KamKung alga or Sai Don (Chara corallina, Cc), apply practical methods for algal identification, distinguish between edible and inedible species, and utilize the alga for food. The Cc was determined to be a good source of protein (19.55±0.33 g/100g dw) and minerals (10.64 g/100g dw), with several amino acids, particularly methionine, identified in the algal sample. Similar to other algae, Cc had low lipid content (2.54 g/100g dw) with dominant palmitic acid (50.89% of total fatty acids). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the main component of essential fatty acids including linoleic acid (23.34%) and α-linolenic acid (6.38%). One gram of dried Cc intake was equivalent to 9.98 kJ. High calcium content and high ratio of K/Na at 29.56:1 were recorded. Antioxidant substances including ascorbic acid and selenium were also present. Cobalamin, which is rarely available in higher plants, was also presented in this species. In addition, the aqueous extract of Cc composed of HCl/EtOH and indomethacin exhibited gastroprotective activity in a rat model of water immersion-restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers. Based on the results of this study, Cc is of considerable interest as a potential food source. Therefore, this study is provided the first comprehensive evaluation of edible C. corallina, focusing on its nutritional value, gastroprotective activity, and molecular identification.

Isolation and in vitro control of a fungus infecting common beans in the Darjeeling hills

Chowdhury, A. A., Prasad, R., Thami, B., Saha, B. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

From the results of the agar cup bioassay, it was evident that among six plant materials tested, only four extracts were effective against the pathogen, Aspergillus sp. The four potential plants were Bergenia ciliate, Artemisia vulgaris, Centella asiatica, and Urtica dioica. Among these four effective plant materials, Bergenia ciliate had the most inhibitory effect, which developed an inhibition zone with a diameter of 12.28 mm. Next to Bergenia ciliate, there was inhibitory activity in Artemisia vulgaris leaf extract, which showed an inhibition zone of 10 mm in diameter. The inhibitory effect of these botanicals against the fungus was verified by the poisoned food technique. The medium of growth was supplemented with aqueous extracts of the plant materials. Final concentrations of the plant extracts in the medium were maintained at 5 %, 10 % and 20 %. The inhibition of growth was computed in per cent. Data were recorded after 5 and 10 days. The inhibitory effect of Bergenia ciliate and Artemisia vulgaris was significantly high and 100% inhibition was by 10 % and 20% concentrations of the aqueous extracts after 10 days of incubation. Thus, the present study significantly sheds light on the management of the disease of common bean plants caused by Aspergillus sp.

Evaluation of the efficacy of botanical extracts and pesticides against Podagrica decolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) found on okra Abelmonchus esculentus

Dohouonan, D., Oumar, Y. S., Michael, I. O., Idrissa, D., Yao, T. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Podagrica decolorata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest of okra Abelmonchus esculentus. It is responsible for a significant yield losses of okra. The efficacy of four ethanol plant extracts and pesticides on Podagrica decolorata adults were collected on okra cultivation in Man, Côte d’Ivoire. Repellency and toxicity effects of ethanolic extracts were compared to the pesticides by contact and ingestion. Pesticides and 50 g/l of each ethanolic plant extracts were tested on ten Podagrica decolorata adults, respectively. The ethanolic extracts of the plants (Hyptis suaveolens, Carica papaya, Calotropis procera and Tithonia diversifolia) and pesticides (BioElit® and K-OPTIMAL35EC®) exerted repellent effects and induced mortality on Podagrica decolorata adults by ingestion and by contact. The pesticides BioElit® and K-OPTIMAL35EC® were on repellency class III with a value of 48.33% and 55.00%, respectively. They are followed by Carica papaya and Hyptis suaveolens, which were on repellent class II, with a value of 35.00% and 38.33%, respectively. The ethanolic extracts of Calotropis procera and Tithonia diversifolia were on repellency class I with a value of 18.33% and 6.66%. Hyptis suaveolens leaves extract can be used as a pesticide against Podagrica decolorata. This botanic extracts are eco-friendly, the plant is locally available and it efficacy is similar to the pesticides used in the bioassay.

Physiological responses of chili pepper to foliar-applied seaweed biostimulant and humic acid under vegetative-stage drought stress

Fahrurrozi, F., Setyowati, N., Prameswari, W., Putri, A. H., Muktamar, Z. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Results showed that physiological responses of chili pepper to foliar application of seaweed extract (SE) from Sargassum polycystum and humic acid (HA) during the vegetative growth continued to be positive which is continued to develop under drought stress condition. Higher concentration (6%) of SE is required during the early stage of chili pepper growth and development, but lower SE concentration (2%) was more effective as plants continue to age. On the other hand, the effects of humic acid were much pronounced at the latter stage of chili pepper growth. The higher concentration of humic acid showed better physiological responses (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, proline and nutrient uptakes) of chili peppers. Humic acid concentration of 1.50% was generally shown better at lower concentration. The significant interaction between seaweed extract and humic acid concentrations highlighted their complementary roles in regulating photosynthetic pigments and osmoprotective responses. Overall, these findings suggested that targeted biostimulant application enhanced physiological resilience and drought tolerance in chili pepper plants, offering a viable strategy for maintaining productivity in water-stressed environments.

Aluminum tolerance screening of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes at the seedling stage under nutrient solution stress

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Averaging the concentration inhibited 75% growth (IC₇₅) is shown in the result of orthogonal polynomial regression analysis on plant height, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight yielded an IC₇₅ threshold of ~1600 ppm AlCl₃·6H₂O (≈ 179 ppm Al³⁺or ≈ 6630 µM Al³⁺), which is proposed as the critical concentration for effective hydroponic screening. The (STI) analysis on the data collected from IC75 hydroponic evaluation on 41 cayenne pepper genotypes provided a robust classification into five tolerance groups, ranging from highly tolerant (HT) to highly sensitive (HS), thereby offering a clear picture of genotypic diversity in response to aluminum stress. The highly tolerant (HT) group was represented by ‘CMK Lolay’ and ‘Tanggo’, which were categorized tolerant across multiple traits. A slightly lower but still strong level of tolerance that was observed in the tolerant (T) group, they were ‘Dumay’, ‘Seulawah Aceh’, ‘Awe Aceh’, ‘Iggo’, ‘Kawat’, ‘Laris’, ‘Perintis’, ‘Landung’, and ‘PBC396’. The rest genotypes were considered as medium tolerant (MT), sensitive (S) and highly sensitive (HS). The HT and T group were potential genetic resources for breeding Al-tolerant cultivars. However, further field validation under acidic soil conditions is recommended.

Effects of adding tomato peel powder on lipid oxidation of lamb meat during refrigerated storage

Khaouchene, A., Boukhari, Y. , Mameri, A. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The results revealed that the pH value of fresh meat patties (day 0) decreased (p˂0.05) with increasing tomato peel powder concentration in the samples (5.77± 0.08 and 5.55± 0.05 for the C and T3 samples respectively) and it increased (p˂0.05) during the storage. The refrigerated storage increased significantly (p˂0.05) the TBA value of all the samples (0.23± 0.05 - 0.44± 0.02 mg MDA/ kg in the C samples). However, adding 3% of tomato peel powder reduced lipid oxidation and showed the lowest TBA value (0.29± 0.02 mg MDA/kg). These results indicate that tomato peel powder can be exploited as a food supplement to reduce lipid oxidation and improve meat quality.

The development of a slide-rail pneumatic node cutting machine applied to two sugarcane varieties

Khawprateep, S., Rungmekarat, S., Jaiphong, T., Homwong, N. , Chainarong, N. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

To minimize seed node damage during propagation, a slide-rail pneumatic node cutting machine (SPCM) equipped with double concave blades was developed. The results indicated that pneumatic pressure significantly influenced the cutting force, with the average forces ranging from 1,590 to 2,440 N with the pressure increased. Regarding node quality, the machine’s double concave blade design achieved an average of 72.22% "good quality nodes," with no severely damaged nodes were observed across all the tests. The bottom stalk position yielded the highest percentage of good quality nodes at 81.11%. The maximum working capacity reached 1,290 nodes per hour for the LK92-11 variety at a pressure of 60.04 N/cm². To preserve the lightweight structure of 42 kg, a pressure of 50.03 N/cm² is recommended for standard operation.

Integration of microbial biofiltration and phytoremediation for the development of recirculating aquaculture systems for freshwater fish larvae cultivation

Kiriratnikom, S., Kongvoot, C. T., Kiriratnikom, A. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is optimized by combining microbial biofiltration with phytoremediation to reduce nitrogen and phosphate waste while managing microbial loads. Experiments evaluating filter media and microbial augmentation revealed that pumice stone combined with Bacillus (BC) significantly reduced ammonia levels on days 6–9 (P<0.05) and nitrite levels on days 9–12 (P<0.05) compared with other media. Pumice+BC was selected for integration into phytoremediation systems. Further experiments showed that incorporating Cabomba caroliniana into the pumice+BC filter system significantly lowered (P<0.05) of ammonia content (day 3) and reduced nitrite levels on day 9 (P<0.05) compared to the controls. Significantly reduction (P<0.05) of nitrate (day 9-12) and orthophosphate concentrations (day 9) were observed in the biological filtration system combined with the phytoremediation unit using Cabomba caroliniana. Moreover, in a study on microbial load management, orthophosphate levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in treatments with an ozone generator. Total bacterial counts consistently declined in both UV and ozone treatments, but the ozone treatment showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in total bacterial count compared to the control and a UV treatment by day 9. In conclusion, the proposed pumice+BC microorganism biological filter system with Cabomba caroliniana for phytoremediation with an ozone generator to manage the microbial load resulted in the increasing of effective for reducing nitrogen and phosphate wastes with low microbial content in water.

The effects of Anabas testudineus co-Cultivation with Allium ascalonicum L. cultivation in an aquaponic system

Kuathan, N., Taweesaeng, T., Muenmat, P. , Pengseesang, R. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Results indicated significant differences in the growth of Allium ascalonicum, with those receiving 100% AB solution showing the highest average height (26.24 ± 3.98 cm) and the largest increased in the number of leaves (33.13 ± 1.77 leaves) by the end of the experiment. Conversely, the group with no AB supplementation exhibited the lowest growth, with average heights of 19.27 ± 1.33 cm and fewer leaves (13.33 ± 1.77). In terms of fresh and dry weight, the group with 100% AB solution achieved the highest values, reflecting the nutrient solution's positive impact on plant growth. For the fish, no significant differences in weight gain, length increase, or survival rates were observed across treatments, with all groups showing a 100% survival rate. Water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) showed that the addition of AB solution was not significantly affected DO levels but caused the changes in pH and EC, with the 50% AB group maintaining the highest DO levels throughout the study. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of using aquaponics for efficient co-cultivation of fish and vegetables, with nutrient supplementation enhancing the growth of both species.

Effect of planting distance on the performance of different upland rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) grown organically under lowland conditions

Legaspi, S. J. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The effect of planting distance on the performance of different upland rice varieties grown organically under lowland conditions was investigated. Result revealed that among the tested varieties, Glutinous rice demonstrated superior performance in plant height, culm diameter, number of spikelets, panicle length, panicle weight, biomass, and 1000-seed weight. The optimal planting distance for maximizing yield was found to be 20 x 20 cm, as it resulted to improve spikelet count, panicle length, panicle weight, filled grains, and biomass across seasons while red rice and Glutinous rice had higher numbers of filled grains, NSIC 22 produced the most spikelets without necessarily achieving the highest yield. In addition, the 15 x 15 cm spacing performed well in productive tillers and 1000-seed weight. While the broadcast method consistently resulted in the lowest yields, making it unsuitable for organic lowland rice farming. Seasonal variations also played a crucial role, with the dry season producing higher growth and yield across most parameters due to favorable environmental conditions, whereas the wet season led to increase the unfilled grains, likely due to excessive rainfall and disease susceptibility. Additionally, the significant interaction was found between planting distance and variety highlighted the importance of selecting the right combination to optimize productivity. Overall, Glutinous rice was the best-performing variety, 20 x 20 cm which showed the most suitable planting distance, and the dry season was the most favorable for organic lowland rice production. Further studies should explore the long-term effects of different planting distances on soil fertility and pest resistance in organic farming systems.

Economic performance and water footprint of solar-powered automated drip irrigation for durian and mangosteen production

Makhonpas, C. , Thongkamngam, T., Anutrakunchai, S., Wiangsamut, B. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The economic performance and water footprint of a solar-powered automated drip irrigation system (SPADIS) with those of a conventional sprinkler emitter irrigation system (CSEIS) for durian and mangosteen production in farmer-managed orchards in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, over the 2023-2024 production period were investigated. SPADIS had a higher initial installation cost, at approximately 52,500 THB/rai, compared with 17,000 THB/rai for CSEIS. However, its annual operating cost was considerably lower, ranging from approximately 3,000 to 3,600 THB/rai/year, compared with 10,800-11,700 THB/rai/year for CSEIS, largely because no electricity cost was required for irrigation. When the savings in operating costs were considered together with the higher crop returns, the additional investment in SPADIS was recovered in approximately 2 years and 9 months. The water footprint was also lower with SPADIS for both crops. In 2024, the water footprint was 0.38 m³/kg for durian and 0.33 m³/kg for mangosteen, both substantially lower than the corresponding values under CSEIS. Overall, SPADIS provided lower operating costs and more efficient water use than the conventional system, indicating its potential for reducing production costs and improving water management in perennial fruit orchards.

Quality and sensory properties of beef treated with papaya (Carica papaya L.) juice and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) extract under different marinating times

Montealto, P. M. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study explored the efficacy of papaya juice and oregano extract as natural beef tenderizers and determined its effects on the quality and sensory properties under different marinating times. The sensory evaluation revealed statistically significant differences among the treatments in terms of aroma (p<0.01), juiciness (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.01), tenderness (p<0.01), and texture (p<0.01) across the majority of the panelists. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed among teenage panelists (p>0.05) for all its sensory parameters indicating a distinct sensory response that can be associated with higher sensitivity to the characteristic herbal aroma conveyed by oregano extract. This sensitivity showed to influence their perception of the aroma and flavor of beef. Among the marination treatments, beef marinated for 12 hours revealed the most desirable physical and sensory characteristics implying that this duration provided sufficient time for the natural tenderizing compounds present in papaya juice to act on the muscle proteins while preserving its quality. This apparent and improved tenderness and softer texture were primarily attributed to the proteolytic activity by the enzyme present in papaya juice called papain that facilitates hydrolysis of muscle proteins and connective tissues. Oregano extract has contributed to the aromatic profile of the marinated beef in the presence of bioactive volatile compounds particularly thymol, a phenolic monoterpene responsible to influence flavor and aroma. The marinated beef revealed a more desirable reddish appearance after cooking. The findings showed that papaya juice and oregano extract are efficient natural tenderizing agents with the potential of improving the sensory properties and physical quality of beef. Application of these natural tenderizers provide a sustainable alternative to synthetic meat tenderizers and chemical additives that uphold the development of healthier-label meat products with improved quality attributes.

Development of a freeze-dried durian sticky rice product with optimized coconut milk content

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Freeze-dried durian sticky rice and the impact of various levels of coconut milk on the quality characteristics were developed. The results were not significantly differed between the treatments concerning color values (L* 81.68-81.82, a* 3.66-3.68, and b* 32.67-33.43; p>0.05). The amount of coconut milk increased the water activity and moisture content of the product was found to decrease from 0.48 (1.91%) in 100 ml formula to 0.20 (1.51%) in 200 ml formula. Texture characteristics revealed that the value of hardness decreased significantly from 287.42 N in 100 ml formula to 250.81 N in 200 ml formula (p≤ 0.05). The low water activity level of the products was not detected Escherichia coli and Staphylococci aureus and all the samples were complied with microbiological requirements for dried foods. The results for consumer acceptability showed that a consumer rating of 7.24 on the eating quality of 150 ml coconut milk added formula was obtained to be the acceptance of taste. However, increasing coconut milk was found to cause significant decreasing of moisture, texture characteristics and consumer acceptability of freeze-dried durian sticky rice. At 150 ml level of coconut milk added to formulation can be suggested for best product quality in terms of texture characteristics and consumer acceptability and also can be used in the food industry for an edible shelf-stable product of Thai dessert.

Development of functional hemp seed milk enriched with encapsulated probiotics

Nitteranon, V., Sansawat, A. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Hemp seed milk has recently gained significant attention due to its high protein content and low allergenicity. Proximate analysis of hemp seed milk revealed a composition of 91.51% moisture, 3.33% protein, 0.57% fat, 0.78% ash, and 4.84% carbohydrate, derived from dehulled hemp seeds. The physicochemical properties of the hemp seed milk included a pH of 5.9, total soluble solids of 3°Brix, and a viscosity of 0.047 Pa.s, with no detectable levels of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions, a combination of alginate and chitosan effectively protected Lactobacillus rhamnosus TISTR 372 from simulated gastric juice, and enhanced its release in simulated intestinal conditions. After 120 minutes of exposure, the alginate-chitosan encapsulated probiotics-maintained viability at 10.21 log CFU/g in simulated gastric juice and 6.59 log CFU/g in simulated intestinal juice, whereas encapsulation with alginate alone resulted in complete loss of viability. When encapsulated probiotics were incorporated into hemp seed milk, L. rhamnosus TISTR 372 could survive in hemp seed milk for 16 days during refrigerated storage. These findings suggest that the functional hemp milk developed in this study delivers an adequate number of probiotics capable of exerting beneficial effects on gut health.

Improved metabolic profiles, body condition score and body weight as positive modulators of conception rate of nondescript pre-partum does fed concentrates

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Does fed with roughage and concentrate had higher average body weight (p<0.01) and body condition score (p<0.05) from the second month until the end of the feeding period. Mean serum cholesterol concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in does fed roughage and concentrate compared to those fed roughage alone except during the first blood collection, while no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in mean serum triglyceride and glucose levels. Does fed with roughage and concentrate showed 100% estrus, 80% conception rate, shorter estrus cycle length (29.4 days vs. 32.6 days), and higher conception rate (80% compared to 37.5%) than does fed with roughage only.

Wheat landraces in Türkiye: Genetic diversity, agroecological adaptation, and breeding potential

Özdemir, B., Ülker, M. , Najafi, S. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Turkish wheat landraces are heterogeneous populations that have been maintained by farmers under contrasting local conditions. Evidence from morphological, physiological, and molecular research indicates substantial allelic variation and population structure associated with geography and environment. This diversity has been linked with yield stability, adaptation to marginal areas, tolerance to drought and heat, and variation in grain quality and micronutrient concentration. Nevertheless, landrace cultivation has declined considerably as modern high-yielding cultivars have expanded, resulting in continuing genetic erosion. The material that remains in farmers' fields and genebank collections is therefore important for crop improvement. In this review, we evaluate current knowledge of the diversity, agroecological adaptation, and functional traits of wheat landraces from Türkiye, with particular attention to their possible contribution to climate-resilient breeding. We also discuss how genomic tools, detailed phenotyping, participatory breeding, and complementary in situ and ex situ conservation can support their effective use in sustainable wheat production.

Leaf chlorophyll content, phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of collard greens in response to fertilizer value of duckweed

Pattanachatchai, N., Tongsanit, N., Kongkum, N. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Biennial collard greens (Brassica oleracea var acephala cv Morris Heading) are leafy vegetables that serve as an excellent source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Information concerning the supplementary effects of duckweed as a sole organic source of plant nutrition to enhance the content of certain phytochemicals in this vegetable remains limited. The research assessed the extent to which duckweed pellets and dried duckweed used as fertilizer affected the chlorophyll content of collard green leaves along with the total phenolic as well as flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of the vegetable. Assessments during consecutive dry and wet seasons were carried out from January to July 2022. The treatments comprised 330 kg of organically cultivated paddy soil (control), 300 kg of organically cultivated paddy soil supplemented with the sole dried duckweed, sole duckweed pellet and various ratios of dried duckweed (duckweed pellets). The combination of dried duckweed and duckweed pellet with organically cultivated paddy soil produced the maximum leaf chlorophyll content, greater antioxidant activity, and increased overall phenolic and flavonoid content compared to that recorded for the control in each of the seasons studied. The relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was found to be strongly positive according to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, indicating that it contributes more antioxidant activity than total flavonoid content.

Assessment on seasonal variation of fish in the mangrove area, eastern Thailand

Petsut, N., Petsut, J., Kulabtong, S. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

A total of 1,655 individuals fish representing 33 families and 54 species were found. The family Gobiidae was dominant with 6 species (11%) followed by Ambassidae, Blenniidae, Engraulidae, Leiognathidae and Siganidae with 3 species (6%) and other families with one or two species each. One blackish water fish, Neostethus lankesteri was newly recorded in Rayong River and Trat mangrove area. In terms of water quality that related to the fish species, the distribution of fishes in the study areas were separated into 2 main groups of mangrove area of mainstream or canal ecosystem, was influenced by salinity and mangrove area of coastal ecosystem which influenced by the sea directly. Additionally, it found that many species of fishes had potential for commercial culture such as Terapon jarbua, Abudefduf vaiqiensis, Siganus fuscescens, Neostethus lankesteri, Ambassis kopsii and Osteomugil cunnesius.

Designing creative tourism destinations through community needs: a five-zone development model in Saraburi Province, Thailand

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Result revealed that landowners and their families strongly wanted to create a learning space, established a restaurant and a cafe, and offered overnight accommodation for tourists. They also expressed a need for event spaces suitable for tourists of all ages, as well as an agricultural area to support these businesses. This analysis produced the design concept of “English Play, Learn and Relax,” with the region divided into five distinct zones: A) Parking and Restaurant Area, B) Learning Center and Reception Building, C) Mini Zoo, D) Cafe and Activity Building, and E) Outdoor Accommodation Area. The evaluation assessed the design’s effectiveness using a 5-point satisfaction scale. The results indicated that landowners and their families expressed the highest satisfaction with Zones A, B, and E (mean = 5.0). They also demonstrated high satisfaction with Zones C and D (mean = 4.8) The results of the evaluation involving people in the nearby area revealed that the participants’ satisfaction with the design work of Zones A, B, C, D, and E found to be the good range, with mean scores of 4.85, 4.94, 4.83, 4.94, and 4.93, respectively.

Efficacy of mangosteen peel extract combined with phosphonic acid for controlling Phytophthora palmivora in durian

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The efficacy of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) combined with phosphonic acid (PA) for controlling Phytophthora palmivora, the causal agent of durian trunk canker and root rot, was evaluated in vivo using durian (Durio zibethinus) leaves and seedlings. Results showed that PA alone significantly reduced lesion size and achieved the highest disease inhibition on both leaves (0.61 cm, 71.58%) and seedlings (4.08 cm, 35.91%) at 14 days after inoculation. The combination of MPE with PA at 10,000 ppm showed efficacy on leaves (0.93 cm, 57.93%), with no significant difference from PA alone. Moderate inhibition levels were observed with MPE at 1,000 and 100 ppm combined with PA, whereas 10 ppm MPE showed lower efficacy. On seedlings, higher concentrations of MPE (≥1,000 ppm) did not improve disease control and were associated with larger lesion diameters, suggesting a possible concentration-related adverse effect. The commercial MPE product provided the lowest efficacy among the treatments on seedlings. Overall, these results indicated that PA was effective against P. palmivora under the condition tested, while the effect of combining MPE with PA varied with MPE concentration and plant tissue.

Sustainable waste valorization of Cassia fistula residues for biomass pellet production

Rattanasing, A., Jinnapat, A., Tongphanpharn, N. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study focused on converting Cassia fistula residues into biofuel pellets as a low-cost biomass energy source. The study pelletized six biomass combinations, including dried leaves, dried branches, and green leaves. All blends achieved a bulk density above 600 kg m^-3 and a moisture content below 10%. Blend 1 (100% dried branches) was the most suitable biofuel pellet, with a calorific value of 4,364 ± 41.53 cal kg^-1, low ash content (4.96 ± 0.28%), and a steady burning rate. In addition, biochemical extractives in green leaves contributed to increasing the heating value; moreover, lignocellulosic biomass enhanced bulk density by acting as a natural binder. The economic feasibility assessment indicated a payback period of 4 years and 8 months, with a positive net present value, confirming the viability of Cassia fistula biomass pellet production. Overall, this study highlights the potential of Cassia fistula residues for waste valorization, bioenergy production, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Effects of nutrient solution formulas and concentrations on the growth rate and chlorophyll content of Wolffia arrhiza

Ruanto, P., Chaichana, N., Tunma, S. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research investigated the optimal concentration of AB hydroponic fertilizer to maximize the growth and nutritional quality of watermeal (Wolffia arrhiza), a highly productive aquatic plant. Given its potential as a sustainable resource, identifying precise nutrient thresholds is critical for efficient large-scale cultivation. The results demonstrated that nutrient concentration significantly dictated biomass outcomes and biochemical composition. The highest productivity was observed at a concentration of 1000 ppm, which produced a maximum dry weight of 38.08 ± 4.67 g. This concentration also optimized the plant's photosynthetic capacity, yielding the highest average amounts of chlorophyll a (40.81 ± 1.91 mg/L) and chlorophyll b (8.40 ± 1.91 mg/L). Furthermore, statistical evaluation revealed a significant linear relationship between pigment levels and biomass. Chlorophyll content was identified as a reliable factor for predicting the total yield of Wolffia arrhiza. Through linear regression analysis, a predictive model was developed, allowing for the estimation of harvest yields based on these biochemical markers. This research provided a quantitative framework for optimizing hydroponic systems, ensuring high yields while managing resource inputs efficiently for sustainable agricultural applications.

Utilization of Carica papaya peels as a substrate for single–cell protein production by selected Aspergillus species

San Pedro, E. M. J. P., Parayao, A. M. , Waing, K. G. D. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The results demonstrated a significant increase in crude protein content based on proximate analysis, the C. papaya peels inoculated with baker’s yeast, had the highest increase of 56.57%, followed by the C. papaya peels inoculated with A. oryzae with 46.37% and C. papaya peels inoculated with A. niger with 19.31%. Meanwhile, C. papaya peels inoculated with A. flavus, and uninoculated C. papaya peels yielded the lowest crude protein content (CPC) with 14.17% and 0.00%, respectively. Even though the fungal inoculants did not surpass the ability of baker’s yeast, they still gave a comparable result indicating their ability to produce high amount of protein which can be a low-cost alternative to using baker’s yeast. Moreover, the significant increase in moisture, ash, fat and fiber content indicates the suitability of the fungal inoculants for SCP production. The findings highlighted the ability of these fungal inoculants to improve the nutritional profile of C. papaya peels, suggesting their potential as cost-effective alternatives for conventionally expensive protein sources. This approach offers a sustainable method for protein production and contributes to waste valorization, supporting environmental sustainability.

Micropropagation and genetic fidelity analysis using SCoT marker in Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Siringam, T., Vanijajiva, O. , Rattanapittayapron, A. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study optimized in vitro regeneration of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and validated clonal fidelity using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Cytokinins significantly affected the plant height, shoot number and leaf number. The tallest shoots were obtained with 3 mg/L of kinetin (2.96 ± 0.21 cm), while the greatest shoot proliferation and leaf production (9.09 ± 1.02 shoots; 24.25 ± 2.53 leaves per explant) were obtained with 2 mg/L of BAP. Auxins significantly affected all growth characteristics. The maximum shoot height (4.25 ± 0.42 cm) was obtained at 2 mg/L of IAA and the best rooting (3.09 ± 0.21 roots; 3.21 ± 0.51 cm root length) was also observed with this concentration of IAA. NAA (2 mg/L) inhibited morphogenesis and stimulated callus. The genetic fidelity of 20 regenerated plantlets was assessed by 20 SCoT primers producing 162 scorable bands (8.1 bands/primer) in the range of 250–2500 bp. No polymorphism was detected in comparison to the donor plant, confirming true-to-type regeneration. Optimum BAP (2 mg/L) was used for shoot and leaf proliferation, kinetin (3 mg/L) for shoot elongation and IAA (2 mg/L) for root induction and elongation. The SCoT profiles validated the protocol for large scale propagation and conservation of S. cumini.

Strategic environmental management and green space network development for sustainable green growth in the Eastern Economic Corridor: A case study of Chon Buri Province

Soytong, P., Janchidfa, K., Chayhard, S. , Buntaotook, P. — Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The findings in 2006- 2024 that is decreased in agricultural land from 65.23% to 53.74%, urban areas are increased from 13.06% to 23.65%. The result is decreased in forest areas from 14.31% to 11.34% and increased in vacant lands from 4.35% to 7.61%. These trends showed a shift in land use from agriculture to urban and industrial sectors. Analysis of green spaces from satellite data year 2026 revealed that green spaces in Chon Buri are 76.68% of the province’s total area, with agricultural land accounting for the largest proportion (55.97%), followed by forest and tree areas (18.54%), mostly evergreen and mixed forests, with only small amounts of mangrove forests, the smallest area is found to be water bodies (1.61%) and golf courses (0.56%), respectively. However, there is a continuous downward trend in green space due to urban expansion and construction. District-level analysis is categorized the green spaces to three groups as districts with large agricultural areas is Phanat Nikhom, Ko Chan, Nong Yai, Ban Bueng, and Bo Thong, districts with high forest areas is Sattahip and Koh Si Chang, which have protected forest areas and topography unsuitable for agriculture or urbanization, and districts with dense urban areas and construction is Mueang Chon Buri and Si Racha, which are rapid expanded the industrial estates, ports, and residential areas. Results indicated that differences in green space distribution are related to topography and development levels, rapid industrial and urban expansion in Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor. Coastal areas of industrial structures is tended to lose green space more than inland and islands. Changes in green space is affected energy exchange and ecosystems, causing urban heat island effects in cities. The hydrological changes are increased drought risks and water demand in urban and rural areas. Green space management to balance economic development with environmental conservation is needed.

The molecular and chemical profiling of Ageratum conyzoides as organic fertilizer: A comprehensive nuclear study

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Ageratum conyzoides (Babandotan) is an invasive tropical weed that, despite its allelopathic and noxious characteristics, holds potential agricultural value as a feedstock for compost-based organic fertilizer. However, the detailed molecular-level information on the humic acid derived from A. conyzoides compost remains limited, as previous studies have primarily focused on bulk functional group characterization. The molecular composition of humic acid extracted from composted A. conyzoides using ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is elucidated. The resulting compost exhibited a near-neutral pH (6.09 ± 0.08), high total organic carbon content (40.2 ± 1.05%), and a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 24.9 ± 1.2. ¹³C NMR spectra revealed five major carbon regions, for instance aliphatic, carbohydrate, aromatic, carboxyl, and carbonyl with aromatic, carbohydrate, and carbonyl carbon representing the dominant fractions, indicating an advanced degree of humification. The combined presence of recalcitrant aromatic structures and carboxyl/carbonyl functional groups suggested that A. conyzoides-derived humic acid possesses both long-term carbon stabilization potential and nutrient-chelating capacity relevant to organic fertilizer application. These findings are supported the feasibility of converting this invasive weed into a value-added organic soil amendment, contributing to sustainable weed management in tropical agricultural systems.

Securing the field: a CBOR-based lightweight PKI framework for Smart agriculture

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The growth of smart agriculture has enhanced the food production efficiency and sustainability. However, it has also expanded the attack surface to different cyber security threats. The inherent limitations in smart agriculture devices and their environment limit the adoption of cyber security measures. Deployment of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in smart agriculture devices can enhance the security of the smart agriculture systems. However, traditional PKI frameworks are built for implementation in systems with large computational power. This limits their adoption in smart agriculture systems. To address these challenges, a transition toward Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) standard is enhanced the security of smart agriculture devices. The proposed framework provides a scalable, binary-first security roadmap that can be practically implemented to safeguard the smart agriculture systems in resource-constrained environments.

Comparative analysis of FSVA and FSQ methods in food security in Indonesia

Wibowo, H. E., Novanda, R. R., Romdhon, M. M. , Windirah, N. — Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Food security measurement plays an important role in determining regional food policy and identifying vulnerable areas. The results showed substantial differences between the two approaches across food availability, accessibility, utilization, and overall food security classifications. FSVA generally produced more conservative classifications based on absolute production, population, and land productivity, while FSQ tended to generate more optimistic results due to its emphasis on commodity contribution and specialization. Significant differences were particularly found in food availability and food utilization dimensions. Central Bengkulu Regency, for example, was categorized as very vulnerable by FSVA because of low total food production, but was classified as very resistant by FSQ due to the relatively high contribution of cassava production. Overall, FSQ tended to classify more regions as food secure compared to FSVA, potentially leading to overestimation of regional food security conditions if used as a single measurement approach. These findings are indicated that different food security indicators may produce contrasting interpretations and policy implications. Therefore, the selection of appropriate and complementary food security measurement methods is essential to support more accurate and comprehensive food security policymaking.