Efficacy of the strains of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as biocontrol agents against bacterial wilt disease in chili
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Abstract
Bacterial wilt of chili (Capsicum spp.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an economically damaging disease of chili production in Thailand and tropical regions worldwide. This study screened bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy chili plants from Surin, Ratchaburi, and Chanthaburi provinces with strong antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. A dual-culture assay revealed the best three isolated strains, D402-5(3), M601-4, and KJB01, which were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. D402-5(3) showed the largest inhibition zone diameter of 2.63 cm, followed by M601-4 and KJB01 with diameters of 2.50 cm and 2.33 cm, respectively. By morphological observation and molecular characterization via 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis, D402-5(3) and KJB01 were identified as Pseudomonas sp., and M601-4 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. The suppression of bacterial wilt disease in chili by the three antagonistic strains was carried out by pot experiments in the greenhouse. D402-5(3) exhibited the highest biocontrol efficacy of 73.12% on the 12th day post R. solanacearum inoculation, followed by M601-4 and KJB01 with biocontrol efficacies of 58.19% and 43.2%, respectively. Plant growth-promoting traits and lytic enzyme production abilities of the three strains were detected. The results showed that D402-5(3) was able to produce cellulase and protease, KJB01 produced only protease, and M601-4 could solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen.
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