Effects of sterilizing agents, phenolic compound inhibitors, and plant hormones in vitro on lateral bud explant culture of three durian varieties
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Abstract
The most effective sterilizing agent for achieving sterility in durian lateral bud explants of ‘Monthong’, ‘Kradum Thong’, and ‘Puangmanee’ durian varieties was a 0.3% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) solution for 10 minutes. This treatment resulted in significantly higher contamination-free survival rates (P < 0.05) by 70%, 60%, and 50%, respectively, compared to the control treatments. The control treatments involved 30% Clorox (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 15 minutes followed by 5% Clorox for 10 minutes, resulting in 0% survival. The liquid Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L achieved the most effective reduction in mucilage (phenolic compounds), resulting in 100% effectiveness. PVP acts as an antioxidant, contributing to reduced phenolic compound formation. As a result, the lateral bud explant of durian remained green and clean, and the phenolic compound on the cut surface of the explant effectively dissolved. Notably, this result was significantly better (p < 0.05) than using the control liquid medium (WPM). Over 7 months of subculturing on a solid medium once every month, findings revealed a distinct pattern in ‘Monthong’ durian lateral bud explants. When it cultured on WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg TDZ (Thidiazuron)/L and 10% coconut water, these explants exhibited significantly longer green callus lengths than the rest tested solid media. The combination of a low TDZ level (1.0 mg/L) with coconut water in the WPM solid medium appeared to play a crucial role in promoting callus formation. Interestingly, WPM supplemented with 3.0 mg BA (6-Benzyladenine)/L led to lateral bud explants of ‘Kradum Thong’ durian splitting into two shoots, each with leaf growth. Conversely, WPM supplemented with 3.0 mg TDZ/L promoted larger shoots with green leaf color. These findings provided valuable insights into optimizing tissue culture conditions for different durian varieties.
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