Growth and yield performance of different maize growth stages subjected to waterlogging
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Abstract
Waterlogging in various maize growth stages significantly reduces plant height and dry matter and extends the vegetative phase, delaying days to anthesis, silking, and harvest maturity. Effects persist post-stress, with noticeable root and shoot dry weight reductions, indicating incomplete recovery. Older growth stages show resilience to waterlogging's impact on the reproductive cycle. Consistently, waterlogging prolongs harvest maturity due to reproductive phase delays, especially in early growth stages or with repeated incidents. Waterlogging occurs several times in a life cycle, and the early seedling stage has the most adverse effects on yield-related traits, leading to extended anthesis-silking intervals, decreased grain yield, and increased barrenness in maize. The highest yield loss occurs with early growth stage waterlogging, emphasizing the enhanced resilience of older growth stages. Waterlogging stress had detrimental effects on growth, development, and maize yield, with the early growth stages and the repeated stress episodes posing the most significant risks to maize productivity.
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