Thermodynamic analysis of a direct solar tunnel greenhouse dryer for drying grapes: Postharvest approach
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The drying experiment demonstrated that the grapes were effectively dehydrated, reducing their initial moisture content of 82% to a final moisture content of 16% wet (w.b.). This was achieved in 44 and 68 hours, using greenhouse and open solar drying methods, respectively. The estimated efficiency of the dryer was found to range from 11% to 39%, while the collection efficiency was determined to be between 19% and 67%. The drying kinetics of grapes was investigated and compared using regression analysis. The drying data was used to compare six thin-layer drying models. With a correlation value of 0.999 and an RMSE of 0.0134, the Thompson model describes grape dehydration behaviour quite accurately. Equations for heat and mass transport are used to forecast the temperature of the greenhouse's drying air. The equations are solved using a Gauss-Jordan elimination technique, which yields a good match with experimental temperature measurements. The pre-treatment of grape drying is also discussed, and it is true that the dryer offers a notable improvement in terms of flavor, fragrance, and color preservation. As a result, farmers may get substantially higher prices in the market.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adiletta, G., Senadeera, W., Liguori, L., Crescitelli, A., Albanese, D. and Russo, P. (2016). The Influence of Abrasive Pre-treatment on Hot Air Drying of Grape. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6:355-364.
Ahmed, D. S., Ouassila, H., Brahim, B. and Amina, B. (2020). Modeling and comparative analysis of solar drying behaviour of potatoes. Journal of Renewable Energy, 145:1494-1506.
Azzouz, S., Hermassi, I., Toujani, M. and Belghith, A. (2016). Effect of drying temperature on the rheological characteristics of dried seedless grapes. Food Bioprod. Process, 100:246-254.
Bala, B. K., Mondol, M.R.A., Biswas, B. K., Das, Chowdury, B. L. and Janjai, S. (2003). Solar drying of pineapple using solar tunnel drier. Renewable Energy, 28:183-190.
Barnwal, P. and Tiwari, G. N. (2008). Grape drying by using hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) greenhouse dryer: An experimental study. Solar Energy, 82:1131-44.
Carranza-Concha, J., Benlloch, M., Camacho, M. M. and Martínez-Navarrete, N. (2012). Effects of drying and pretreatment on the nutritional and functional quality of raisins. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 90:243-248.
Doymaz, I. (2007). Influence of pre-treatment solution on the drying of sour cherry. Journal of Food Engineering, 78:591-596.
Duffie, J. A. and Beckman, W. A. (2013) Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
Elkhadraoui, A., Kooli, S., Hamdi, I. and Farhat, A. (2015). Experimental investigation and economic evaluation of a new mixed-mode solar greenhouse dryer for drying of red pepper and grape. Renewable Energy, 77:1-8.
EL-Mesery, S., Hany, I., Ahmed, E., Zicheng, H. and Yang Li. (2022). Recent developments in solar drying technology of food and agricultural products: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157.
Essalhi, H., Benchrifa, M., Tadili, R. and Bargach, M. N. (2018). Experimental and theoretical analysis of drying grapes under an indirect solar dryer and in open sun. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 49:58-64.
Farkas, I. (2003). Control Aspects of Post-Harvest Technologies. In: Chakraverty, A., Mujumdar, A. S., Raghavan, G. S. V., Ramaswamy, H. S. (Eds.), Handbook of Post-harvest Technology. Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel, pp.845-866.
Foshanji, A. S., Krishna, H. C., Sadanand, K., Ramegowda, G. K., Bhuvaneswari, S., Shankarappa, T. H. and Sahel, N. A. (2022).Effects of Pretreatments and Drying Methods on Drying Kinetics and Physical properties of Raisins. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14:155-160.
Guine, R. P. F., Almeida, I. C., Ana, C. and Goncalves, F. J. (2015). Evaluation of the physical, chemical and sensory properties of raisins produced from grapes of the cultivar Crimson. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 9:337-346.
Hamdi, I., Elkhadraoui, A., Kooli, S., Abdelhamid, F. and Guizani, A. (2019). Drying of red pepper slices in a solar greenhouse dryer and under open sun: Experimental and mathematical investigations. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 52:262-270.
Jain, D. and Tiwari, G. N. (2004). Effect of greenhouse on crop drying under natural and forced convection II. Thermal modeling and experimental validation. Energy Conversion Management, 45:765-783.
Jairaj, K. S., Singh, S. P. and Srikant, K. (2009). A review of solar dryers developed for grape drying. Solar Energy, 83:1698-1712.
Karthikeyan, A. K. and Murugavelh, S. (2018).Thin Layer Drying Kinetics and Exergy Analysis of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) in a Mixed Mode Forced Convection Solar Tunnel Dryer. Journal of Renewable Energy, 128:305-312.
Kumar, A. and Tiwari, G. N. (2006). Thermal modeling of a natural convection greenhouse drying system for jaggery: An experimental validation. Solar Energy, 80:1135-1144.
Mathew, A. and Venugopal, T. (2021). Solar power drying system: a comprehensive assessment on types, trends, performance and economic evaluation. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 42:96-119.
Mewa, E. A., Okoth, M. W., Kunyanga, C. N. and Rugiri, M. N. (2019). Experimental evaluation of beef drying kinetics in a solar tunnel dryer. Renewable Energy, 139:235-241.
Midilli, A., Kucuk, H., and Yapar, Z. (2002). A new model for single layer drying. Drying Technology, 20:1503-1513.
Pangavhane, D. R. and Sawhney, R. L. (2002). Review of research and development work on solar dryers for grape drying. Energy Conversion and Management, 43:45-61.
Pardhi, C. B. and Bhagoria, J. L. (2013). Development and performance evaluation of mixed-mode solar dryer with forced convection. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4:1-8.
Patil, R. and Gawande, R. (2017). Mathematical modeling of solar drying system. In Solar Drying Technology: Concept, Design, Testing, Modeling, Economics, and Environment, Om Prakash and Anil Kumar (eds.). Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 265-316.
Phitakwinai, S., Thepa, S. and Nilnont, W. (2019). Thin‐layer drying of parchment Arabica coffee by controlling temperature and relative humidity. Food Science & Nutrition, 7:2921-2931.
Patil, R. and Gawande, R. (2018). Drying Characteristics of Amla Candy in Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 41:1-11.
Rathore, N. S., Panwar, N. L. and Asnani, B. (2012). Performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer for grape drying. International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology, 3:1-10.
Sallam, Y. I., Aly, M. H., Nassar, A. F. and Mohamed, E. A. (2015). Solar drying of whole mint plant under natural and forced convection. Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 8:21-32.
Srivastava, A., Abhishek, A., Shukla, A., Kumar, A., Buddhi, D. and Sharma, A. (2021). A comprehensive overview on solar grapes drying: Modeling, energy, environmental and economic analysis. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47:1-21.
Tiwari, S., and Tiwari, G. N. (2018). Grapes (Vitis vinifera) drying by semi-transparent photovoltaic module (SPVM) integrated solar dryer: an experimental study. Heat and Mass Transfer, 54:1637-51.
Ubale, A. B., Pangavhane, D. and Auti, A. (2015). Experimental and Theoretical Study of Thompson Seedless Grapes Drying using Solar Evacuated Tube Collector with Force Convection Method. International Journal of Engineering, 28:1796-801.
Watmuff, J. H., Charters, W. W. S. and Proctor, D. (1977) Solar and Wind Induced External Coefficients for Solar Collectors. Revue Internationale d’Heliotechnique, 2:56.
Yaldiz, O., Ertekin, C. and Ibrahim H. (2001). Mathematical modeling of thin layer solar drying of sultana grapes. Energy, 26:457-465.