Effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and stress of Anabas testudineus
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Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis on the growth performance and stress tolerance of A. testudineus were investigated to utilize a total of 12 tanks with sex-reversed fish averaging 1.86±0.559 g, the experiment was conducted over 8 weeks with four dietary treatments: control, garlic, B. subtilis at 1 x 105 CFU/kg, 1 x 107 CFU/kg, and 1 x 109 CFU/kg. Growth parameters including final weight, mean length gain, weight gain, percentage weight gain, average daily growth, and specific growth rate showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in fish fed the diet supplemented with garlic and B. subtilis at 1 x 109 CFU/kg, compared to other treatments. This diet also resulted in the highest survival rate (100%) compared to the control (87.50%). Feed efficiency metrics such as average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency were significantly better in the 1 x 109 CFU/kg treatment group. Water quality analysis indicated no significant differences in temperature (p>0.05) but showed better pH and dissolved oxygen levels in the same treatment group. Carcass composition revealed a higher fillet percentage and lower skeletal proportion in fish fed with the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 109 CFU/kg. Proximate analysis of the fish flesh demonstrated higher crude protein and ether extract content for the same diet. Additionally, stress tolerance experiments under temperature fluctuations revealed that fish receiving the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 109 CFU/kg exhibited significantly lower mortality rates under stress conditions at 15°C and 35°C. Overall, dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis, particularly at 1 x 109 CFU/kg, enhanced growth performance, feed efficiency, and stress resilience in A. testudineus.
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