Occurrence of Streptococcus spp. on Farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines
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Abstract
The prevalence and colony count of Streptococcus spp. in most of the organs of Nile tilapia were higher during the dry season than to the rainy season. Significantly difference was observed in the seasonal prevalence of Streptococcus spp. on the skin, foregut and bacterial count on the skin. The exposure of the cultured tilapia in high temperature (>31 ◦C) was considered as the main driving factor in the proliferation of the bacterium which observed in the results for prevalence and colony count. The identified risk factors on the occurrence of the bacterium included high stocking rate (> 9 pcs./m2), scale of operation (1 to 5 ha), high water temperature (>31 ◦C), pH above 8, low dissolved oxygen (<5 mg/L), and unsuitable sediment pH (below 7 and above 8) and phosphorus (80 to 100 mg/L). To prevent the occurrence or build-up of the bacterium in the pond system, the identified risk factors associated with operational/cultural practices should be addressed; risk factors related to water and sediment quality should be improved or maintained in ideal concentration. In the end, good husbandry is still the best way to prevent the entry and proliferation of pathogenic microorganism in aquaculture facilities
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