The Use of Epiphytic Lichen as A Biomonitor on Air Quality, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide Deposition in Mab Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Rayong Province
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Abstract
Lichens were the co-occurring organisms including of fungi and algae that were used as the environmental biomornitor or biomarker extensively. Results of air pollution to lichen diversity in surrounding area of Mab Ta Phut industrial estate, Rayong province were reported. The duration of study was in October 2012 to September 2013. A kind and frequency of lichen using the frequent surveying flame (20 x 50 cm2) on mango trees of 110 were studied by collecting nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide deposition using the method of atmospheric collection with the tube of passive sampling, and measured gas deposition by ion chromatography technique. Results found 11 families, 20 genera and 26 species including the foliose lichens of 6 species and the crustose lichens of 20 species. The most of lichens were belongfs to genera of Arthonia, Dirinaria, Lecanora and Physcia. Lichen species of Physcia poncinsii Hue and Pyxine cocoes (Swartz) Nyl were presented with highly frequency in all areas. The measurements showed that a value of nitrogen dioxide deposition of 0.28-5.08 ppbv and sulphur dioxide deposition of 0.52-7.60 ppbv. The analysis of correlation between lichen diversity of biomarker and gas deposition in each study area using the correlation coefficient of Pearson value were found that both of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide deposition had negatively significant correlation with lichen diversity index at 95% confidence interval (r = -0.245, p < 0.05) and (r = -0.081, p < 0.05), respectively. There were demonstrated nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide deposition increasingly that had been affected to lichen diversity, there was possibly used lichen as the atmospheric biomonitor.
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