Effects of artificial light in indoor vertical garden on growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime and Philodendron Brasil
Main Article Content
Abstract
The effects in two types of light-emitting-diode (LED) lighting in a vertical garden on the growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime and Philodendron Brasil were investigatded. Result showed that the dependent variables of plant height, stem fresh weight, leaf area, leaf area index number leaf, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, spad, and shoot/root ratio. The most fundamental results revealed to be able to verify or reject prior agricultural theories for the full spectrum LEDs which better light sources than fluorescence LEDs. At 120 days after planting, full-spectrum LED lamps provided 94.56% which higher growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime, Philodendron Brasil than fluorescent LED lamps. It is proved that a vertical garden and the beauty of the vertical garden showing the best growth on the leaf shapes and colorful leaf of Philodendron Lemon Lime under full-spectrum lamps. Other specific findings may benefit for future investigation of philodendrons and other plants
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Journal of Plant Physiology, 24:1-15.
Baanlaesuan (2016). Heart-leaved Philodendron. Retrieved from https://www.baanlaesuan.com/plants/perennial/138024.html.
Bian, Z., Jiand, N. and Lu, C. (2018). Uncovering LED light effects on plant growth: New angles and perspectives – LED light for improving plant growth, nutrition and energy-use efficiency. Acta Horticulturae, 1227:491-498.
Buschmann, C., Meier, D., Kleudgen, H. K. and Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1978). Regulation of Chloroplast development by red and blue light. Photochemistry biology, 27:195-198.
Chen, X. L., Guo, W. Z., Xue, X. Z., Wang, L. C. and Qiao, X. J. (2014). Growth and quality responses of ‘Green Oak Leaf’lettuce as affected by monochromic or mixed radiation provided by fluorescent lamp (FL) and light-emitting diode (LED). Scientia Horticulturae, 172:168-175.
Gardeningbrain (2020). Philodendron lemon lime: heart shaped leaves. Retrieved fromhttps://gardeningbrain.com/philodendron-lemon-lime.
Goins, G. D., Ruffe, L. M., Cranston, N. A., Yorio, N. C., Wheeler, R. M. and Sager, J. C. (2001). Salad crop production under different wavelengths of red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). SAE Technical Paper, 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 9–12, 2001, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp.1-9.
Hernández, R., Eguchi, T., Deveci, M. and Kubota, C. (2016). Tomato seedling physiological responses under different percentages of blue and red photon flux ratios using LEDs and cool white fluorescent lamps. Scientia Horticulturae, 213:270-280.
Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold, London, 37p.
Kim, H. H., Wheeler, R. M., Sager, J. C., Yorio, N. C. and Goins, G. D. (2005). Light-emitting diodes as an illumination source for plants: A review of research at Kennedy Space Center. Habitation (Elmsford), 10:71-78.
Lapjit, C. (2017). Effect of White, Red and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Growth of Morning Glory in Aquaponics System. Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science, 4:26-32.
Lefsrud, M. G., Kopsell, D. A. and Sams, C. E. (2008). Irradiance from Distinct Wavelength Light-emitting Diodes Affect Secondary Metabolites in Kale. HortScience, 43:2243-2244.
Leong, T. Y. and Anderson, J. M. (1984). Effect of light quality on the composition and function of thylakoid membranes in Atriplex triangularis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 766:533-541.
Macedo, A. F., Leal-Costa, M. V. T, Eliana, S. L., Celso, L. S. and Esquibel, M. A. (2011). The effect of light quality on leaf production and development of in vitro-cultured plants of Alternanthera brasiliana Kuntze. Environmental and experimental botany, 70:43-50.
MasterClass (2020). How to Grow Plants Indoors: 6 Tips for Growing Houseplants. Retrieved from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-care-for-indoor-plants#how-to-grow-plants-indoors.
Mizuno, T., Amaki, W. and Watanabe, H. (2011). Effects of Monochromatic Light Irradiation by LED on the Growth and Anthocyanin Contents in Leaves of Cabbage Seedlings. Acta Horticulturae, 907:179-184.
Nguyen, T. P. D., Tran, T. T. H. and Nguyen, Q. T. (2019). Effects of light intensity on the growth, photosynthesis and leaf microstructure of hydroponic cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under a combination of red and blue LEDs in house. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 15:75-90.
Olle, M. and Viršile, A. (2013). The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality. Agricultural and Food Science, 22:223-234.
Pandey, R., Madurima Das, V. P., Meena, M. and Meena, R. C. (2017). Plant Growth Analysis. In: Vijay, Paul., Rakesh, Pandey and Madan, Pal. in Physiological Techniques to Analyze the Impact of Climate Change on Crop Plants New delhi, EW DELHI, ICAR – INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IARI) Indian Agricultural Research Institute, pp.103-107.
Pennisi, G., Blasioli, S., Cellini, A., Maia, L., Crepaldi, A., Braschi, I., Spinelli, F., Nicola, S., Fernandez, J. A., Stanghellini, C., Marcelis, L. F. M., Orsini, F. and Gianquinto, G. (2019). Unraveling the Role of Red: Blue LED Lights on Resource Use Efficiency and Nutritional Properties of Indoor Grown Sweet Basil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:305.
Raffaele (2021). Philodendron Brasil: Simple Care and Propagation Steps. Retrieved from https://www.ohiotropics.com/2019/05/04/philodendron-brasil-care/
Singh, D., Basu, C., Meinhardt-Wollweber, M. and Roth, B. (2015). LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49:139-147.
Supananthananon, P. (2018) Foliage plants In: Baanlaesuan Book House, Bangkok, Amarin Printing and Publishing public Co Ltd, 324p.
Tardieu, F. (2013). Plant response to environmental conditions: assessing potential production, water demand, and negative effects of water deficit. Frontiers in Physiology, 4:17.
VanZile, J. (2021). How to Grow Philodendrons. Retrieved from https://www.thespruce.com/grow- philodendron -houseplants-1902768.
Watson, D. J. (1947). Comparative physiological studies in the growth of field crops. I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years. Annals of Botany, 11:41-76.