Assessment of genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes in Southern Ethiopia based on Morpho-Agronomic traits
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Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Gofa research station in the main crop season of 2016/17 to estimate the genetic diversity among cowpea genotypes based on morpho-agronomic traits. Thirty-six cowpea genotypes were tested using a simple lattice design. Shannon diversity Index value ranged from 0.633 to 0.953 with a mean of 0.84 confirmed that there was a high degree of deviation in the qualitative traits among cowpea genotypes. Analysis of variance for 14 quantitative traits showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the cowpea genotypes. Yield and other agronomic traits showed high to moderate phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). On the basis of cluster analysis, thirty-six cowpea genotypes, based on the 14 quantitative traits, were grouped into 6 clusters. I, II, IV, V, III and VI, each with 9, 8,7,7,3 and 2 genotypes, respectively. The highest inter-cluster distance was noticed between cluster III and VI (4265.10) followed by cluster III and V (3569.30), cluster IV and VI (3365.38) suggesting wide diversity between them. Cluster III was found to be promising for yield and its major component traits, while the genotypes in Cluster VI had genotypes for earlier flowering and maturity. Therefore, clusters III, V and VI genotypes could be used as directly in multi-location trials for their suitability to be released for successful cowpea production or could be source materials for obtaining desirable new recombinants for early maturity and higher yield in South Ethiopia
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