Potential of Trichoderma asperellum as a bio-control agent against citrus diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
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Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the main cause of citrus post-bloom and pre-harvest fruit drops, resulting in up to 65% and 22% of citrus crop loss, respectively, while Penicillium digitatum primarily causes green mold on postharvest citrus fruits accounting for 90% of total citrus fruit loss due to postharvest decay. Biocontrol agents are considered as eco-friendly and bio-safe alternatives of fungicides, and hence, being actively seeking. Previously, several T. asperellum strains have been demonstrated to be effectively inhibit either P. digitatum or C. gloeosporioides growths. We, therefore, wondered whether our Trichoderma isolates could simultaneously inactivate P. digitatium and C. gloeosporioides in vitro and protect citrus crops from green mold and anthracnose. Here, we defined three T. asperellum strains, which inhibited P. digitatum and C. gloeosporioides extension by around 99% and 77%, respectively. Single factor experiments showed that a medium containing 2% of sucrose and 1% of peptone on rice husks cultivated at 28oC for 15 days was the best condition for these strains to produce conidia. Additionally, supplement of conidial suspension with 10% glycerol, 0.2% CMC, and 0.3% Tween 80 preserved spore viability by 80% after 2 months of storage. The development of citrus green mold and anthracnose was also inhibited in the presence of T. asperellum formulated conidia. Overall, these data indicated a potential application of the formulated conidia as a biocontrol agent in preventing citrus crop loss caused by both preharvest and postharvest diseases
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