Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts from Barleria strigosa
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Abstract
Our preliminary phytochemical screening demonstrated that the methanolic extract from leaves of Barleria strigosa had in vitro cytotoxicity against the P-388 murine leukemia cell line with CC50 (50% cytotoxicity concentration) of 413.89 µg/ml and exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zones of 14 mm at 10 mg/disc. Therefore, this present study attempts to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. The crude methanol extract was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition yielding hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts described by Beedessee et al. (2012). The cytotoxicity of all extracts were analyzed using MTT colorimetric assay described by Mosmann (1983) against six cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7, KB, HT-29, P388 and Hela cells) and two normal cell lines (Vero and L929 cells) at concentration range of 62.5 to 1000 µg/ml. By the MTT assay, the strongest cytotoxic activity was obtained from the butanol extract followed by the ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane extract, respectively. Highest cytotoxicity of butanolic extract was found against P-388 cell line (CC50 = 127.42 µg/ml) and found cytotoxic against L-929, KB, Hela, MCF-7, HT-29, Vero and HepG-2 cells at the CC50 levels of 283.00, 287.22, 566.83, 574.19, 666.78, 835.92 and >1,000 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphyloccus aureus) at concentration range of 0.125 to 2 mg/disc using paper disc diffusion method described by Ansari et al. (2005). The butanol extract exhibited more interesting antimicrobial activity than other extracts, being especially active against M. luteus and S. aureus at 2 mg/disc with diameters of the inhibition zones was 8.8 and 8.22 mm, respectively. The results indicated that butanol extract exhibited cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the fractions from butanolic extract were also appreciating for further investigations in future.
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