Diversity of fungal spores in the canopy of two mangrove tree species of southwest India
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Abstract
This study designed to assess the fungal spores present in throughfall, stemflow and water-filled tree holes (dendrotelmata) of two mangrove tree species (Avicennia officinalis and Rhizophora mucronata) in the Nethravathi mangroves of southwest India. Water samples were filtered through Millipore filters and stained immediately after filtration. The filters were scanned using a high power microscope for identification and enumeration of fungal spores. Physicochemical parameters of canopy region (air temperature and humidity) and water samples (temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids) were assessed. Spores of 39 fungal species were recorded in the canopy water samples with 34 and 20 species in R. mucronata and A. officinalis, respectively. Spores of 15 species were common, while 19 and 5 species were confined to R. mucronata and A. officinalis, respectively. Fungal species with ³5% contribution were the highest in R. mucronata than A. officinalis (12 vs. 10 spp.), while seven species of them were common to both trees. The number of fungal species were highest in the stemflow of both trees with the highest species richness as well as diversity. The spores in canopy waters composed of a blend of terrestrial, freshwater and marine fungi representing staurospores, scolecospores and helicospores. Owing to diverse known and unknown fungi in the mangrove canopies, further studies might facilitate to fill the gap of global fungal biodiversity pool
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