Evaluation of actinomycetes culture media for control of bakanae disease of rice seeds
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Abstract
Six strains of actinomycetes, OMA60-45, OMA60-46, CSA60-25, SEA120-12, SEA120-25 and SEA120-31, isolated from natural soil samples from Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand, were evaluated for their antifungal activities against Fusarium moniliformeisolate Pk105St_62 causing bakanae disease of rice. There were no significant differences observed among the actinomycete strains in inhibitory effects on the colony growth of F. moniliforme (61.3 – 68.0%) when screened using the dual culture method. Then, cultures of the pathogen were grown on two actinomycete culture media, a non-filtered culture medium (NF) and filtered culture medium (F), by incubation with shaking in an enzyme production medium (EPM) for 3, 5 and 7 d. The non-filtered culture medium inhibited colony growth of F. moniliforme by 30.8 to 59.0%, while the filtered type caused a 22.5 to 51.4% inhibition. The 5- and 7-d-old culture media inhibited conidial germination of F. moniliformeby 22.8 – 99.6% and 28.3 – 98.6%, respectively. Moreover, abnormal morphological changes occurred in conidia treated with culture media of OMA60-45 and OMA60-46. Furthermore, at 21 d after treatment, the percentage of rice seed infected by F. moniliforme was significantly reduced by treatment with the NF media of both strains (43.50 and 62.50%, respectively) compared to 100% infection in the control, with no effects on rice germination. This reduction was equivalent to treatment with a commercial fungicide (captan; Orthocide® 50) (38.75%). In addition, seeds treated with the NF of OMA60-45 and OMA60-46resulted in 75.0 and 70.0% germination of rice seeds, respectively, in pathogen infested soil, which was equivalent to treatment with captan (70.0%), while the germination of non-treated seeds was only 5.0%.
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