Herbal pediculicides base on Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd (Zingiberaceae) and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (Myrtaceae) against head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer; Pediculidae)
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Abstract
Currently, head lice infestations are one of the most common human infections in the world, especially in kindergarten and in primary schoolchildren aged between 3 and 15 years. Moreover, head lice resistance to chemical insecticides have increased. However, new alternative topical therapies for head lice infestations are needed, especially those containing plant-derivative active ingredients. Therefore, the present study, we reported the efficacy of two herbal shampoos based on Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry against head lice and compare them with malathion shampoo (A-Lice shampoo®: 1% w/v malathion) and baby shampoo (Babi Mild Natural’ N Mild®) in order to assess their in vitro efficacy. The results revealed that all herbal shampoo at 6 µl/cm2 was more effective pediculicide than at 3 µl/cm2, malathion shampoo and baby shampoo. The highest pediculicidal activity was shown by A. galanga shampoo at dose of 6 µl/cm2 with 100% mortality at 3 min, LT50 value of 0.4 min and LC50 value of 1.8 µl/cm2. However, 6 µl/cm2 of S. aromaticum shampoo showed 100% mortality at 10 min, LT50 value of 0.9 min and LC50 value of 2.3 µl/cm2. While, malathion shampoo showed low toxicity with 34.5% mortality at 10 min and LT50 value of 35.9 min and baby shampoo showed non-toxic to all head lice during the observation periods. All data in this study showed that two herbal shampoos base on A. galanga and S. aromaticum have high potential of alternative pediculicides for head lice treatments of children in Thailand.
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