Identification of Colletotrichum acutatum and screening of antagonistic bacteria isolated from strawberry in Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Abstract
Strawberry anthracnose is a major disease of cultivated strawberry in the highland area in Chiang Mai, Thailand. This major disease of strawberry fruit is caused by Colletotrichum spp. The symptoms appear as water soaked lesions, which are covered with salmon-colored spore masses. Ten isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were collected from the field at Nonghoi Royal Project, Maehae Royal Project, Samoengs district and Suthep Royal Project Marketing store in Chiangmai, Thailand. The isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on morphological characteristics and PCR analysis using specific primers. Pathogenicity tests on fresh strawberry fruit in the laboratory revealed that all the fungal isolates were pathogenic, but C. acutatum isolate CK21 resulted in the most severity symptoms. The isolate CK21 were effuse, first white later becoming orange, then turning into greenish grey as the cultures aged and later become cover with orange to salmon conidial masses and conidia were fusiform. In this study, a total of 105 microbial strains were isolated from fresh strawberry leaves and fruit. They were tested for growth inhibition of C. acutatum isolate CK21 by the dual culture technique on PDA. It was shown that the antagonistic bacterium isolate K27 was found to be the most effective in inhibiting the development C. acutatum isolate CK21 (66.25%). Isolate K27 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The biocontrol was tested on strawberry leaves by using fresh cells of the bacterial antagonist in greenhouse experiments. The results showed that spaying 1 d before or after the potential the pathogen inoculation significantly suppressed anthracnose compared to the non-treated control. This study suggests of developing bacteria isolate K27 as a biological control of strawberry anthracnose disease.
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