Study on DNA degradation by natural herbicide from Tagetes erecta L. during Amaranthus spp seed germination
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Abstract
Marigold leaf (Tagetes erecta L.) was extracted with 75% ethanol in water and evaporated ethanol to obtain crude ethanol extract. The crude ethanol fraction was diluted with distilled water, resulting in aqueous solution which was hydrolized by acidified to pH 3 with 6 N HCl. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The ethyl acetate solutions were combined, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and then evaporated to obtain the ethyl acetate soluble hydrolyzed fraction (Hy fraction). The Hy fraction was mixed with adjuvant at the ratio of 30: 70 to give of 30% active ingredient (a.i.) in soluble concentrate formulation (SC). In order to investigate the effects of SC formulation concentrations from T. erecta that is lower than concentrations that completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus tricolor L. (2500 ppm), Amaranthus gracilis Desf. and Amaranthus spinosus L. (1000 ppm) and obtain samples (leaf and stem) for DNA extraction, a dose of concentration application from 100 to 1000 ppm of T. erecta leaf extract in SC formulation was bioassayed on germination, seedling growth on 3 species of amaranth. The results showed that at lower concentration of T. erecta leaf extract (less than 1000 ppm) still contains inhibition on germination and seedling growth. Thus, next experiment was studied to obtain these samples and extract its DNA genomic to understand molecular mechanisms of allelopathic potential on DNA degradation of Amaranthus spp. The results indicated that DNA extracted from 3 Amaranthus species treated with leaf extract in SC formulation from T. erecta by concentration of 100 - 1000 ppm according to each species showed different genomic DNA degradation. Genomic DNA extracted from A. spinosus showed the most sensitively degraded, followed by A. gracilis and A. tricolor. Hence the use of T. erecta leaf extract as a potential natural herbicide for weed control might be possible.
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