Somatic embryogenesis and embryoids formation in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
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(Chicory) regenerated from the leaf explant of the in vitro grown-seedlings. Callusing was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing IAA (2.0 µM) + KN (5.0 µM) + CH (1000 mg/l). The maximum callusing observed on this medium was 85%, while only 71% showed regeneration. One week old friable calli were taken and fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sectioned/stained for light microscopy. Definite pro-embryonic structures could be seen in or emerging from the edges near the wounded region.
The morphological sequence of events tracks the de nova production of shoot bud by the process of organogenesis. The sequence of morphogenic events include presence of meristemoids; growth extending; and presence of several leaf primodia. Embryo development occurs through exceptionally organized sequence of cell division, enlargement and differentiation. During early development the embryo assumes a clavate, globular shape and remains essentially an undifferentiated, but organized mass of dividing cells with a well-defined epidermis. It has been observed that the somatic embryos were formed from hypo-cotyledonary epidermic cells and also from superficial embryogenic cells of pre-embryonic complex situated on peripheral and on internal cell layers of the callus. Diverse morphological differences were observed among somatic embryos at different developmental stages.
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