No burning sugarcane trashes makes sugarcane production - net carbon sequestering
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The No cane burning/trash farming practice could shift sugarcane production from carbon emitting into carbon sequestering (carbon negative) due to the following: 1) direct C-sequestration from humus-C incorporated in the soil at 6.0 t CO2e/ha ; 2) avoidance of emission of CH4, CO, N2O during cane burning at 1.794 t CO2e/ha ; 3) Increased the ratoon cycles from the usual one to two ratoons to 4 up to 6 ratoons leads to avoided carbon dioxide emission at 0.257 t CO2e/ha/ratoon ; 4) the conserved three macronutrients (N, P, K) at 0.814. t CO2e/ha ; 5)the avoided emission due to N-fixation in the decomposing trash that reduces the nitrogen fertilizer input to be applied to grow sugarcane at 3.09 t CO2e/ha; or a total of 11.955 t CO2e/ha . The calculated carbon emission in the usual sugarcane production practice centered on burning canes was 7.591 t CO2e/ha .The ex –ante carbon balance of no burning /trash farming is 4.364 t CO2e/ha . The challenge is how to STOP burning of canes before and after harvest. An agro-environmental Protocol must be formulated and be agreed upon by the planters association and the government for implementation in the different sugarcane producing provinces.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abrigo, C. C. (1981). Organic fertilizer from cane trash as soil ameliorant. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Convention, Philsutech. pp. 448-462.
Bernoux, M., Branca, G., Carr, A., Lipper, L., Smith, G. and Bockel, L. (2010a). Ex-ante greenhouse gas balance of agriculture and forestry development programs. Scientia Agricola. Piracicaba Brazil 67:31-40.
Bernoux, M., Bockel, L. and Branca, G. (2010b). Ex-ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) Technical Guidelines, Easypol, FAO, Rome.
CLARK. (2009). The Haber process. Retrieved from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haber.html.
Clark, D. (2013). CO2 emissions from biomass and biofuels. Cundall Johnston & Partners LLP.
Corpuz, F. H. and Aguilar, P. S. (1992). Specific energy consumption of Philippine sugar mills. Energy consump- tion of Philippine sugar mills. Proceedings of the PHILSUTECH 39th Annual Convention, Bacolod City. pp. 410-421.
Eswaran H., Van Den Berg, E. and Reich, P. (1993). Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Science Society Amerian Journal 57:192-19.
Lal, R. (2003). Soil erosion and the global carbon budget. Environmental International Journal 29:437-450.
Falkowski, P. (2000). The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system. Science 290:291-296.
Demafelis, R. B., Mendoza, T. C. and Matanguiha, E. D. (2015). Carbon Footprint of Raw Sugar Production: Is Raw Sugar Carbon Positive or Negative? Proc. 62nd PHILSUTECH Annual convention held at Lahug , Waterfront Hotel, Cebu City.
Doon, R. and Thompson, J. (1998). Powering the Philippine Sugar Industry into the next millennium. Proceedings of the 45th PHILSUTECH Annual National Convention. Cebu City, Philippines, pp. 243-252.
Dosayla, R. D. (1994). The influence of trash on the yield components of sugarcane varieties. Paper presented at PHILSUTECH 41st Annual Convention, August 17-20, 1994, Cebu Plaza Hotel, Cebu City. pp. 198-203.
EDUFI (Energy Development and Utilization Foundation Inc) (1994). Biomass Co-generation Potential in the Philippines Sugar Milling Industry. A Joint report of EDUFI, Office of Energy Affairs, Sugar Regulatory Administration and the Philippine Sugar Milling Assoc, Inc (PSMAI), Manila.
ESMAP. (1993). Philippines: Commercial Potential for Power Production from Agricultural Residues. Joint study of Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP, UNDP) and the Philippines Department of Energy.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN)/IFA/IFDC (1994). Fertiliser use by crop, 2. ESS/MISC/1994/4, FAO, Rome. 44 pp.
GRAIN (2009).The International food systems and the climate crisis. Climate Crisis p.Issue. Seedling Oct 2009.www.grain .org. The complete references used by Grain technical persons. Retrieved from http:www.grain.org/go/climatecrisisref.s.
IPCC (2006). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm.l.
IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and NewYork: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch3s3-5-3-3.html.
Lal, R. (1997). Residue Management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2 enrichment. Soil and Tillage Research 43:81-107.
Maczynski, R. (2008). The effect of the haber process on fertilizers. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~hos/mike/texts/readmach/zmaczynski.htm
Magdoff, F. and Weil, R. R. (2004). Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agric.CRC Press LLC 398 pp.
Mendoza, T. C. and Samson, R. (2000). Estimates of CO2 Production from the burning of crop residues. Environmental Science and Management 3:25-33
Mendoza, T. C., Castillo, E. T. and Demafilis, R. (2007). The Costs of Ethanol Production from Sugarcane under Eastern Batangas Conditions. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 32:25-48.
Mendoza, T. C. and Samson, R. ( 2004). Energy Costs of Sugar Production in the Philippine Context. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 27:17-26.
Mendoza T. C. (2014). Reducing the carbon footprint of sugar production in the Philippines. Journal of Agricultural Technology 10:289-308.
Mendoza, T. C., Demafelis, R. B. and Matanguihan, A. E. D. (2015). The Carbonfootprint of Sugarcane Production. Chapter 20. In the carbon footprint handbook. CRC Press. pp. 451- 472.
Mendoza, T. C. (2016). Green Sugarcane Accounting. Accounting energy use and carbon footprint for an energy-efficient and Climate change compliant sugarcane production. College of Agriculture, UP Los Banos, Philippines. 152 pp.
Mui, T. A., Dung, N.T., Binhn, D. V. and Preston, T. R. (1997a). On-farm evaluation of planting distance and mulching of sugarcane. Livestock Research for Rural Development 9:1-6.
Mui, T. A., Preston, T. R. and Ohlsso, I. (1997b). Response of four varieties of sugarcane to planting distance and mulching. Livestock Research for Rural Development 9:1-10.
Parr, J., Sullivan, L., Chen, B., Ye, G. and Zheng, W. (2010).Carbon bio-sequestration within the phytoliths of economic bamboo species .Global Change Biology 16:2661-2667.
Patriquin, D. (2000). Overview of N2 fixation in sugarcane residues: Levels and effects on decomposition, Zoology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. In: Strategies for Enhancing Biomass Energy Utilization in the Philippines. Resource Efficient Agricultural Production. Retrieved from http://www.p2pays.org/ref/19/18956.pdf.
Pimentel, D., Berard, G. and Fast, S. (1983). Energy efficiency of farming systems: Organic and conventional Agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 9:359-372.
Pimentel, D. (1980). Handbook of energy utilization in agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 430 pp.
Pineda, F. A. (1956). Trash mulching improved the yield of sugarcane. Philsutech. pp.196-198.
Rosario, E. L. and. Mendoza, T. C. ( 1977). Root and shoot growth pattern of six commercial sugarcane varieties as influenced by population density and nitrogen fertilization. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 2:163.
Schulp, C. J., Nabuurs, G., Verburg, P. H. and de Waal, R. W. (2008). Effect of tree species on carbon stocks in forest floor and mineral soil and implications for soil carbon inventories. Forest Ecological Management 256:482-490.
US EPA. (2011). Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle. Office of Transportation and Air Quality Office. EPA-420-F-11-041.
Yang, J, Wu, J., Jiang, P., Xu, Q., Zhao, P. and He, S. (2015). A Study of Phytolith-occluded Carbon Stock in Monopodial Bamboo in China. Science Report 5:13292.
Zelmer, L. (2009). Australian Mills, The Cane Railway (Tramline) Modelling Special InterestGroup. Retrieved from http://www.zelmeroz.com/canesig/mills/millmap.htm.
