Chemical composition and antifeedant activity of essential oils from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on Tribolium confusum
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Abstract
In order to assess the antifeedant activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh) and Callistemon viminalis Gaertn the plant essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and then tested against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments experiments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27±1 °C and 60±5 % R.H. Aliquots of 10 µl of acetone (controls) or an acetone solutions of essential oils (750 - 2500 ppm) were spread equally on the flour discs. The solvent was evaporated and after this stage 10 adult (1-3 days old) insects were involved into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results showed that essential oils concentrations had significant effect on nutritional indices. Essential oils of C. viminalis and E. camaldulensis decreased RGR, RCR and ECI activity significantly. Essential oils of C. viminalis and E. camaldulensisdecreased RGR from the amount of 0.0347 and 0.0344 in control to 0.0067 and 0.0031 percentage respectively. Furthermore the amount of RCR decreased from 0.161 and 0. 149 to 0.073 and 0.074 percentage in control treatment. ECI of control decreased from 21.62% to 9.34% and 23.10% to 4.12% in 2500 ppm concentration in comparison to control respectively. Moreover, essential oils of C. viminalis and E. camaldulensis increased FDI from 1.100 to 51.37 percent and 26.03 to 50.24 percent in highest concentration respectively. on the other hand,, GC/MS analysis of the oils showed that p-cymen (18.86%) and alpha-pinene (16.56%), alloaromadendrene (12.26%) and 1,8-cineole (11.79%) in E. camaldulensis oil, 1,8-cineole (41.26%), alpha-pinene (15.01%),Limonene (10.45%), and alpha-terpineol (10.30%) in C. viminalis. overally, it was concluded that antifeedant activity is highly affected by feeding deterrency against T. confusum.
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