Efficiency of Pelargonium graveolens and Gaultheria procumbens essential oils and their formulations on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and two predatory phytoseiid mites
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Abstract
Pelargonium graveolens L’Her and Gaultheria procumbens L. essential oils were extracted, identified and formulated as gerano and winticide, respectively. The acaricidal effects of tested material were investigated against the phytophagous mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias- Henriot and Typhlodromus negevi Swirski & Amitai. G. procumbens oil was more toxic to T. urticae eggs than P. graveolens oil and the reverse effect was on females by contact spray; LC50 values of G. procumbens and P. graveolens oils were 0.09×104ppm &1.08×104ppm for eggs and 1.24×104ppm & 0.45×104ppm for females, respectively. Just P. graveolens oil caused mortality to T. urticae stages by fumigant spray and LC50 values were 0.48×104ppm & 0.55×104ppm for eggs and females, respectively. Gerano and winticide had strong contact toxic effect than oils on eggs and females of T. urticae. LC50 values reported to eggs by gerano and wintecide were (0.001×104ppm& 0.0006×104ppm) and for females (0.009×104ppm &0.017×104ppm), respectively. Both tested oils and their formulations were significantly repelled T. urticae females and decreased oviposition with the same pattern. Both phytoseiid mites less affected by material than T. urticae. T. negevi females were more sensitive to P. graveolens oil and gerano (LC50:0.44×104ppm & 0.23×104ppm) than P. persimilis (LC50: 0.77×104ppm &0.29×104ppm), respectively. The reverse effect was resulted by G. procumbens oil and winticide; LC50 values reported to T. negevi females were 0.42×104ppm &0.16×104 ppm while, P. persimilis were 0.35×104ppm &0.14×104ppm. Gerano and winticide were non-persisted and the residual effect faded by time passed.
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