Drought tolerance indices for yield improvement in local varieties of chili pepper
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Abstract
Drought is one of the major limiting factors that affects the productivity of chili pepper grown in rainfed areas of Thailand. Therefore, chili varieties with high adaptability in the drought environment are of interest. To identify the drought tolerance of chili pepper, six drought tolerance indices, including mean productivity (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), and stress non-stress production index (SNPI) calculated based on yield under stressed (YS) and irrigated (YP) conditions, were assessed among 43 accessions of chili pepper. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for YP, YS, and all drought tolerance indices. Correlation analysis revealed that yields under irrigated and stressed environments were positively and highly correlated with GMP, MP, and SNPI. The principal component analysis also indicated that GMP, MP, and SNPI were more reliable as tolerance indices for screening genotypes for drought tolerance. Hence, the improvement for yield increased under drought could be achieved through direct selection or screening through GMP, MP and SNPI indices. Subsequently, cluster analysis separated the 43 chili pepper genotypes into three groups according to potential yield and yield stability under both stress and non-stress conditions. Through the results, genotypes C17, C18, C19, C24, C25, MHS44, MHS44, TRF18, TRF19, TRF207, TRF6, TRF192, and MHS59 were identified as tolerant.
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