Olive oil quality characteristics of olive orchards (Olea europaea var. euroupaea L.) in a semi-arid continental zone: Case of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region in Morocco
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Abstract
The physical and chemical analysis of the quality of olive oil trees (Olea europaea var. euroupaea L.) in the years of 2017-2019 period at continental environment with semi-arid climate, Beni Mellal-Khenifra land's, located in central Morocco is revealed territorial specifications. Four homogeneous agricultural territorial units were identified. Result showed the plain with great hydraulic irrigation, the pluviometric plain with private irrigation pumping, the piedmont zone (alias "Dir" zone) and the medium mountain zone. These spatial units had showed significant differences in the values of the essential parameters of quality of the olive oil. The percentage free acidity content were 0.96, 1.76, 1.19 and 1.31, peroxide index (with meq/ O2/kg) were 7.38, 6.34, 10.00, 7. 09, the two specific extinctions under ultraviolet radiation at wavelength 232 nm showed 0.94, 1.34, 0.79 and 0.74, respectively. The wavelength at 270 nm showed non significant difference in the values of 0.08, 0.09, 0.15 and 0.08. It is found that the agricultural territorial unit "the plain of great hydraulic irrigation" presented significantly the best quality of olive oil. It was nearly equal frequence of class of extra virgin oil (50.02 %), and class of virgin oil (49.48 %). The performance of area is explained by the fertility of the soils, the judicious choice of the plant material, the relatively young age of the olive orchards, the suitable levels of technicality of the local olive growers, and also the respect of the good practices of hygiene by the crushing units with improved mode within the studied area.
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