The boosting of anthocyanin accumulation in black rice cv. Riceberry by spraying MgSO4 at two different altitudes under field conditions
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Abstract
The three MgSO4 treatments were sprayed to the Riceberry variety at booting stage in high altitude (Chiang Rai; CR) and low altitude (Nakhon Pathon; NKP). The results of MgSO4 foliar spraying at different concentrations did not affect by agronomic traits and grain yield in each location. However, most agronomic traits and grain yield except grain weight in CR were significantly higher than those in NKP. The grain yield in CR ranged from 6.23–6.95 t/ha, while that of NKP ranged from 3.89–4.43 t/ha. When consider the anthocyanin content, spraying MgSO4 at 100 mM in CR showed the highest anthocyanin content (192 mg/100 g) and increased approximately 50% over the control (128 mg/100g). On the other hand, the anthocyanin content after spraying MgSO4 at 100 mM (76 mg/100 g) and 50 mM (70 mg/100 g) in NKP was not significant, but it was higher than that of 0 mM MgSO4 (48 mg/100 g). In addition, the anthocyanin contents from CR were significantly higher than from NKP for any amount of MgSO4 treatment. The phenolic compound and antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay were positively correlated with anthocyanin content. However, foliar application of MgSO4 had no clear impact on color intensity or pericarp thickness. Thus, growing Riceberry variety at high altitude and boosting anthocyanin synthesis with 100 mM Mg can produce high anthocyanin contents and grain yields.
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