Chrysanthemum stunt viroid as a protective viroid isolate against Columnea latent viroid and Pepper chat fruit viroid in tomato plants
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Abstract
The effect of prior inoculation of CSVd isolate on disease progression induced by CLVd or PCFVd isolates were observed in tomato plants. Tomato plants infected with CSVd alone showed no apparent symptoms on the leaves. In contrast, tomato plants infected with CLVd showed common symptoms at 4 weeks after inoculation, such as plant stunting, leaves epinasty, distortion and discoloration. Necrosis of the veins and substantial stunting were seen in PCFVd-infected tomato plants. Those inoculated with CLVd at the same time as the challenge inoculation had less severe symptoms than those infected with CLVd inoculation. Fewer symptoms were observed in tomato plants that had been first inoculated with CSVd and challenged with CLVd. In tomato plants inoculated with PCFVd, severe necrosis on leaf veins was observed with fewer signs of necrosis on the tomato plants that were infected with PCFVd at the same time as the challenge inoculation. However, in tomato plants infected with CSVd and challenged with PCFVd, mild discoloration on the leaf with no necrosis was detected. The results showed that CSVd could replicate when confirmed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cross-protected tomato plants inoculated with CSVd and then challenged with PCFVd could produce fruit. On the other hand, PCFVd-infected tomato plants produced no fruit. The two cases of cross-protection bioassay, namely CSVd challenged with CLVd and CSVd challenged with PCFVd, can be helpful in the development of plants resistant to severe viroids.
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