Characterization and transmission of Columnea latent viroid in tomato
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Abstract
Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) causes yield loss in tomatoes. Its transmission data are critical in determining how to reduce the risk of disease spread. The current study characterized and studied CLVd transmission in tomato plants. CLVd crude sap was diluted and incubated at 100°C or room temperature. CLVd was mechanically inoculated onto the tomato cultivars Seedathip 4 and Cherry 154. Total RNA was extracted from seeds or leaves from CLVd-infected tomato plants, and the presence of CLVd was confirmed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), biological assays, and sequencing. When the crude sap was diluted with phosphate buffer to 10-1 and 10-2, viroid infectivity remained constant. In addition, viroid infectivity was lost after 30 minutes of heating at 100ºC. The dried viroid crude sap was infected in 2 days after incubation at room temperature. CLVd could be transmitted via mechanical means in seed but not via root transmission. The fruit shape, color, and size varied when tomato plants were inoculated at various stages of development. Yield loss may happen more severe in Seedathip 4 tomato plants inoculated at the seedling and flowering stages. The symptoms caused by CLVd were also found in the columella area in fruits. The rate of seed transmission was 0.25%. CLVd lost its infectivity after crude sap, which was treated using various methods. It found that CLVd did not carry through root transmission. While the rate of seed transmission was low, the seeds may carry viroid disease
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