Bacteria that can tolerate and decontaminate cadmium and lead contaminated rice paddy soil
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Abstract
One of the current issues in rice-growing regions is heavy metals contaminated rice paddy. The environment and the health of people, animals, plants, and crops are negatively impacted by high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The present study isolated and identified potential microbial remediators from the rice growing area contaminated with heavy metals at Sitio Namangonan, Guiset Norte, San Manuel, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines. The bacterial isolates were molecularly identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), and performed evolutionary analyses using MEGA 11. The soil sample contained 0.42 mg/kg cadmium and 57.80 mg/kg lead. Five species of bacteria (BI-1, BI-2, BI-3, BI-4, and BI-5) namely: Priestia flexa BI-1, Priestia megaterium BI-2, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BI-3; P. megaterium BI-4; and P. megaterium BI-5 with 98.94%, 98.47%, 92.53%, 84.21%, and 99.67% similarity, respectively, were isolated from the soil contaminated with cadmium and lead. Furthermore, P. megaterium BI-2, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BI-3, Priestia megaterium BI-4, and P. megaterium BI-5 are tolerant to up to 1000 mg/kg cadmium concentration while P. flexa BI-1 is identified as non-tolerant to cadmium contamination. Additionally, Priestia megaterium BI-2, S. maltophilia BI-3, P. megaterium BI-4, and P. megaterium BI-5 are resistant to lead concentrations of up to 1000 mg/kg. Therefore, in cadmium and lead-contaminated rice paddy soil, the bacterial isolates are resistant to heavy metals. Finally, these bacterial isolates could clean up lead and cadmium-contaminated rice paddy soil.
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