Growth performance and nutritional composition of field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer) fed with diets containing dried cassava leaves
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Crickets are among the most popular insects used as food due to their high nutritional value and ease of culture. The rearing of field crickets on diets containing dried cassava leaves as a substitute for soybean meal at levels of 0%(0CL), 30%(30CL), 50%(50CL), 70%(70CL), and 100%(100CL) was studied, focusing on their growth performance and nutritional value. After 45 days of cricket rearing, it was found that replacing soybean meal with dried cassava leaves at 30% and 50% showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in cricket weight (279.82 g/box and 260.42 g/box, respectively) compared to the control treatment (284.08 g/box). There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in individual body weight among the treatments. Crickets reared on the diet containing 100% dried cassava leaves (100CL) had the lowest individual body weights, measuring 0.688 g for males and 0.930 g for females. The number of eggs per female cricket had no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) across all treatments, ranging from 1,415.67 to 1,574.67 eggs. Additionally, field crickets fed diet containing dried cassava leaves had higher crude protein content (57.30-58.79% dm) than the control treatment (55.18% dm), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). However, the crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber contents decreased with increasing levels of dried cassava leaves in the diet. In conclusion, dried cassava leaves can replace up to 50% of soybean meal without reducing the yield, fecundity, or nutritional value of field crickets.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abulude, F. O. (2004). Proximate composition, minerals content and functional properties of cricket (Acheta spp.). Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 47:212-213.
Adeyemi, O. A., Adekoya, J. A. and Sobayo, R. A. (2012). Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassava leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista UDO agrícola, 12:212-219.
AOAC. (1995). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC international, 16th ed. method 970.12. Washington, DC, USA.
Awoyinka, A. F., Abegunde, V. O. and Adewusi, S. R. A. (1995). Nutrient content of young cassava leaves and assessment of their acceptance as a green vegetable in Nigeria. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 47:21-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01088163
Bulfer, H. L. (2011). Effect of diet quantity and quality of female sampling behavior and mating preference in field cricket. Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences, 1-44.
Caparros, M., Rudy, T. A., Clément, N., Christophe, B., Sabine, D., Jan, B., Éric, H. and Frédéric, F. (2016). Optimization of a cheap and residential small-scale production of edible crickets with local by products as an alternative protein rich human food source in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96:627-632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7133
Diarra, S. S., Koroilagilagi, M., Tamani, Maluhola, S. L., Isitolo, S., Batibasila, Vaea, J. T., Rota, V. and Lupea, U. (2017). Evaluation of cassava leaf meal protein in fish and soybean meal–based diets for young pigs. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 118:105-112.
EL–Damanhouri, H. I. H. (2011). Studies on the influence of different diets and rearing conditions on the development and growth of the two–spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer. Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Fanelli1, N. S., Torres-Mendoza, L. J., Abelilla, J. J. and Stein, H. H. (2023). Chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients from South-East Asia. Animal Bioscience, 36:908-919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.22.0360
Fuah, A. M., Caroline, H., Siregar, H. and Endrawati, Y. C. (2015). Cricket farming for animal protein as profitable business for small farmers in Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 5:296-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2015.04.008
Fulton, S. A., Dodd, L. E. and Rieske, L. K. (2016). Evaluating the energetic value of lepidoptera using bomb calorimetry. Mammoth Cave Research Symposia, 12.
Håkansson, G. (2018). The impact of feed and diet on crickets’ nutritional value and anatomy. Degree Project in Veterinary Medicine Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Hanboonsong, Y., Jamjanya, T. and Durst, P. B. (2013). Six– legged livestock: edible insect farming, collecting and marketing in Thailand. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Kemsawasd, V., Inthachat, W., Suttisansanee, U. and Temviriyanukul, P. (2022). Road to the red carpet of edible crickets through integration into the human food chain with biofunctions and sustainability: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23:1801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031801
Kim, S. K., Weaver, C. M. and Choi, M. K. (2017). Proximate composition and mineral content of five edible insects consumed in Korea, CyTA- Journal of Food Science, 15:143-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2016.1223172
Kipkoech, C., Kinyuru, J. N., Imathiu, S. and Roos, N. (2017). Use of house cricket to address food security in Kenya: nutrient and chitin composition of farmed crickets as influenced by age. African Journal of. Agricultural Research, 12:3189-3197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12687
Lam, V., Hanh, N. T. B. and Hang, B. P. T. (2022). Effect of replacing dietary protein with cassava leaf meal on performance and nutritional composition of two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34.
Madalla, N., Agbo, N. W. and Jauncey, K. (2016). Evaluation of ground – sundried cassava leaf meal as protein source for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L) juvenile’s diet. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Science, 15:1-12.
Magara, H. J. O., Niassy, S., Ayieko, M.A., Mukundamago, M., Egonyu, J. P., Tanga, C. M., Kimathi, E. K., Ongere, J. O., Fiaboe, K. K. M., Hugel, S., Orinda, M. A., Roos, N. and Ekesi, S. (2021). Edible crickets (Orthoptera) around the world: distribution, nutritional value, and other benefits—A review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7:537915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.537915
Miech, P., Chhay, T. and Grabowski, N. T. (2023). Growth and survival of Jamaican field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) fed dry meal of bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta) tops and roots. International Network for Productive Insects' Health and Welfare, 1-16.
Miech, P., Berggren, A., Lindberg, J. E., Chhay, T., Khieu, B. and Jansson, A. (2016). Growth and survival of reared cambodian field crickets (Teleogryllus testaceus) fed weeds, agricultural and food industry by–products. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2:285-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2016.0028
Montagnac, J. A., Davis, C. R. and Tanumihardjo, S. A. (2009). Nutritional value of cassava for use as a staple food and recent advances for improvement. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 8:181-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00077.x
Montagnac, J. A., Davis, C. R. and Tanumihardjo, S. A. (2008). Processing techniques to reduce toxicity and antinutrients of cassava for use as a staple food. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 8:17-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00064.x
Montowska, M., lczewski, P. Ł. K., Rybicka, I. and Fornal, E. (2019). Nutritional value, protein and peptide composition of edible cricket powders. Food Chemistry, 289:130-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.062
Moruzzo, R., Mancini, S. and Guidi, A. (2021). Edible insects and sustainable development goals. Insects, 12:557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060557
National Research Council. (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Edition. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
Oloo, A. J., Ayieko, M., Nyongesah, J. M. (2020). Acheta domesticus (cricket) feed resources among smallholder farmers in Lake Victoria region of Kenya. Food Science & Nutrition, 8:69-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1242
Padmaja, G. (1995). Cyanide detoxification in cassava for food and feed uses. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 35:299-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399509527703
Ramadhanti, A., Nahrowi, Ridla, M., Mutia, R. and Hermana, W. (2024). The impact of incorporating cassava pulp as an alternative energy source in broiler feed on performance and internal organ health. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 36.
Razak, I. A., Ahmad, Y. H. and Ahmed, E. A. E. (2012). Nutritional evaluation of house cricket (Brachytrupes protentosus) meal for poultry. 7th Proceedings of the Seminar in Veterinary Sciences, 27 February – 02 March 2012. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Ruangsuriya, N. (2010). Cricket farming business management in Si Somdet Subdistrict, Si Somdet District, Roi Et Province. (Master’s thesis). Khon Kaen University.
SAS Institute Inc. (2006). SAS user’s guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc.
Shah, T. H. (2017). Plant nutrients and insects development. International Journal of Entomology Research, 2:54-57.
Simenova, F. P. and Fishbein, L. (2004). Hydrogen cyanide and cyanides: human health aspects. concise international chemical assessment document 61, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sorjonen, J. M., Valtonen, A., Hirvisalo, E., Karhapää, M., Lehtovaara, V. J., Lindgren, J., Marnila, P., Mooney, P., Mäki, M., Siljander–Rasi, H., Tapio, M., Tuiskula–Haavisto, M. and Roininen, H. (2019). The plant–based by–product diets for the mass–rearing of Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus. PLoS ONE, 14:e0218830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218830
Ssepuuya, G., Sengendo, F., Ndagire, C., Karungi, J., Fiaboe, K. K. M., Efitre, J. and Nakimbugwe, D. (2021). Effect of alternative rearing substrates and temperature on growth and development of the cricket Modicogryllus conspersus (Schaum). Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 7:163-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0014
Thu Hang, B. P., Cop, N. V. and Lam, V. (2020). Effect of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and Coccinia grandis L. on biomass growth of crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) fed chicken feed as the basal diet. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 32.
Tilahun, S., Animut, G. and Urge. M. (2013). Effects of supplementing cassava leaf meal, brewers’ dried grain and their mixture on body weight change and carcass traits of local goats fed urea treated tef straw. Livestock Science, 4:31-43.
Vaga, M., Berggren, A., Pauly, T. and Jansson., A. (2020). Effect of red clover-only diets on house crickets (Acheta domesticus) growth and survival. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 6:179-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2019.0038
Wang, D., Bai, Y. Y. Li, J. H. and Zhang, C. X. (2004). Nutritional value of the field cricket (Gryllus testaceus Walker). Entomology Sinica, 11:275-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2004.tb00424.x
