Nitrogen use efficiency of rice inoculated with free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element that promotes vegetative growth, which is usually limited to the uptake of plants. In this study, rice plants’ efficiency to utilize nitrogen was investigated in field conditions in Phitsanulok province, northern region, Thailand. Biofertilizers containing five free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria were used to combine with chemical fertilizer (CF, 16-20-0) at different rates (187.50 kg/ha and 93.75 kg/ha). The results showed that the number of tillers per hill, total nitrogen in rice shoot and Nitrogen Partial Factor Productivity were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) among all treatments. The maximum shoot height (98.80 ± 3.83 cm) was found in the NK5-5½CF treatment. The highest grain yield (4.71 t/ha) was observed in the treatment NK12-1½CF. NK12-1 combined with ½CF increased the shoot height to 4.71 cm, three tillers per hill and 0.6 t/ha (14.60%) of grain yield compared to control. The highest 1000-grain weight was produced in the NK 5-5 ½CF treatment (29.17 g), and the lowest was observed in control (27.64 g). All treatments were significantly different in Nitrogen Partial Factor Productivity (p < 0.05) but not in Nitrogen Harvest Index. In conclusion, biofertilizers applied enhanced rice growth, but had no effects on the yield components. NK12-1 was the most effective on nitrogen use efficiency. Also, NK5-5 and NK12-1 were capable of reducing half of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer input
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