Pathogenic interactions between Trichoderma species and Agaricus bisporus
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Abstract
The interactions of Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachatum, T. virens and Trichoderma sp. with Agaricus bisporus mycelia were studied singly and in combination. Opposing cultures and layered cultures of the Trichoderma species with Agaricus bisporus mycelium produced a zone of inhibition. had The greatest colonization rates were in the order Trichoderma longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, T. virens and Trichoderma sp. Mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus ceased upon contact with competitor hyphae all of Trichoderma species, after which parasitic growth continued over the A. bisporus mycelium in a radial manner. Microscopic observation of growth on 2% and 0.2% MEA showed different trends in interactions between the Trichoderma and mushroom mycelium. There was only superficial contact between the Trichoderma hyphae and A. bisporus in nutrient rich medium, but when the nutrient status of the medium was reduced, some coiling of A. bisporus hyphae by Trichoderma species was observed and hyphal lysis to occurred. However, the lysis of A. bisporus mycelia did not occur in all the species combinations. It is proposed that differences in metabolites produced by Trichoderma species have a close relationship with their colonization rate and subsequent mushroom losses. A severe interaction between T. harzianum and T. longibrachiatum with A. bisporus mycelium appears to be due to the production of lytic enzymes by the Trichoderma species. Volatile metabolites were either not produced by Trichoderma species or, if they were produced they had no inhibitory effects on A. bisporus mycelial growth.
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