In vitro evaluation of anti-bacterial spectrum and phytochemical analysis of Acacia nilotica
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Abstract
The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract, different solvent extracts and isolated constituents of leaves of Acacia nilotica (Family: Fabaceae) were evaluated by the cup diffusion method against three phytopathogenic Xanthomonas pathovars viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, X. a. pv. phaseoli and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with angular leaf spot of cotton, common blight of bean and bacterial spot of tomato respectively and 14 human pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against all the pathovars of Xanthomonas and 14 human pathogenic bacteria tested. Methanol extract was subsequently fractioned and monitored by bioassay leading to the isolation of active fraction by further phytochemical analysis. This active fraction recorded highly significant antibacterial activity in vitro (MIC 5, 6 and 7 µg/ml for Xanthomonas pathovars and 6-12 µg/ml for human pathogenic bacteria) compared with synthetic antibiotics like Bact-805 and K-cycline for phytopathogenic bacteria and Gentamicin and Streptomycin for human pathogenic bacteria. The results also revealed that further separation of active fraction resulted in the loss of antibacterial activity, indicating synergistic effect of the isolated active fraction.
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