Drying characteristics of robusta coffee beans using YSD-UNIB18 hybrid dryer based on thin-layer drying kinetics fitting model
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The YSD-UNIB’s drying chamber temperature and relative humidity fluctuated changed due to the influence of the temperature of the heat exchanger and water. The temperature of the drying chamber was 38.3-78.6℃, averaging 61.5℃. It reached two times higher than the ambient temperature. The relative humidity of the drying chamber was 10-55%, averaging 17.5%. It reached 3-5 times lower than the relative ambient humidity. The moisture content was 60-65%wb, which was then reduced until it reached less than 12%. The drying time average increased by 25-30% for every increase of 2 cm of coffee thickness. YSD-UNIB18 dried the coffee bean until 33-72 hours for dry-processed coffee and 39-77 hours for semi-washed processed coffee. The drying rate decreased drastically in the first 20 hours and then constant until the end of the drying. The average drying rate decreased by 40-50% for every 20%wb decrease in moisture content. Except for the dry-processed coffee with a thickness of 4 cm, which experienced an average decrease of 28%. The treatment combinations of the coffee drying showed a significant difference in drying time, drying rate, and number of defects in each treatment combination (p<0.05). The Page Model is the best model to describe the behavior of coffee bean drying using the YSD-UNIB18 hybrid dryer with the highest R² and the lowest of SSE, RMSE, and X². Based on SNI 01-2907-2008, the dry and semi-washed processed coffee were in Grade IV and Grade II-III, respectively
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Agarry, S. E. (2014). Thin Layer Drying Kinetics and Modelling of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) Layers under Natural and Forced Convective Air Drying Wetland Treatment of oil refinery wastewaters using marine plants View project, 35-50. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333172440
Agbede, O. O., Oke, E. O., Akinfenwa, S. I., Wahab, K. T., Ogundipe, S., Aworanti, O. A., Arinkoola, A. O., Agarry, S. E., Ogunleye, O. O., Osuolale, F. N. and Babatunde, K. A. (2020). Thin layer drying of green microalgae (Chlorella sp.) paste biomass: Drying characteristics, energy requirement and mathematical modeling. Bioresource Technology Reports, 11:100467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100467
Behera, B. and Balasubramanian, P. (2021). Experimental and modelling studies of convective and microwave drying kinetics for microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 340:125721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125721
Benseddik, A., Azzi, A., Zidoune, M. N. and Allaf, K. (2018). Mathematical empirical models of thin-layer airflow drying kinetics of pumpkin layer. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 11:220-231.
Biswas, R., Hossain, M. A. and Zzaman, W. (2022). Thin Layer Modelling of Drying Kinetics, Rehydration Kinetics and Color Changes of Osmotic Pre-treated Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Layers During Drying: Development of a Mechanistic Model for Mass Transfer. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103094
BSN (2008). SNI 01-2907-2008: Biji Kopi. Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 1-16.
Chauhan, P. S., Kumar, A., Nuntadusit, C. and Banout, J. (2018). Thermal modeling and drying kinetics of bitter gourd flakes drying in modified greenhouse dryer. Renewable Energy, 118:799-813.
Dasore, A., Konijeti, R., Tarun, P. N. V. and Puppala, N. (2020). A novel empirical model for drying of root vegetables in thin-layers. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9:2639-2642.
Deeto, S., Thepa, S., Monyakul, V. and Songprakorp, R. (2018). The experimental new hybrid solar dryer and hot water storage system of thin layer coffee bean dehumidification. Renewable Energy, 115:954-968.
Franca, A. S. and Oliveira, L. S. (2019). Coffee. In Integrated Processing Technologies for Food and Agricultural By-Products (pp. 413-438). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814138-0.00017-4
Fu, B. A., Chen, M. Q. and Li, Q. H. (2019). Heat transfer characteristics and drying kinetics of hematite thin layer during hot air convection. Thermochimica Acta, 682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.178405
Gaikwad, P. S., Sunil, C. K., Negi, A. and Pare, A. (2022). Effect of microwave assisted hot-air drying temperatures on drying kinetics of dried black gram papad (Indian snack food). Applied Food Research, 2:100144.
Gautz, L. D., Smith, V. E. and Bittenbender, H. C. (2008). Measuring Coffee Bean Moisture Content. In Engineer’s Notebook (pp. 2-4).
Huang, W., Zhang, Y., Qiu, H., Huang, J., Chen, J., Gao, L., Omran, M. and Chen, G. (2022). Drying characteristics of ammonium polyvanadate under microwave heating based on a thin-layer drying kinetics fitting model. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 19:1497-1509.
Kulapichitr, F., Borompichaichartkul, C., Fang, M., Suppavorasatit, I. and Cadwallader, K. R. (2022). Effect of post-harvest drying process on chlorogenic acids, antioxidant activities and CIE-Lab color of Thai Arabica green coffee beans. Food Chemistry, 366:130504.
Kumar, A., Kandasamy, P., Chakraborty, I. and Hangshing, L. (2022). Analysis of energy consumption, heat and mass transfer, drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity during foam-mat drying of mango in a convective hot-air dryer. Biosystems Engineering, 219:85-102.
Manrique, R., Vásquez, D., Chejne, F. and Pinzón, A. (2020). Energy analysis of a proposed hybrid solar–biomass coffee bean drying system. Energy, 202:1-8.
Mugodo, K. and Workneh, T. S. (2021). The kinetics of thin-layer drying and modelling for mango layers and the influence of differing hot-air drying methods on quality. Heliyon, 7:e07182.
Raaf, A., Putra, T. W., Mulana, F., Syamsuddin, Y. and Supardan, M. D. (2022). Investigation of kinetics of amla (Emblica officinalis) fruit drying process. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 41:10-16.
Sadaka, S. (2022). Impact of grain layer thickness on rough rice drying kinetics parameters. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 35:102026.
Sastro, S. J., Yuwana, Y. and Silvia, E. (2014). YSD UNIB 12 Solar Dryer Performance for Robusta Caffee Drying. Jurnal Agroindustri, 4:78-85.
Setyani, S., Subeki, S. and Grace, H. A. (2018). Evaluation of Defect Value and Flavour Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.) Pro- duced by Small and Medium Industri Sector of Coffee in Tanggamus District. Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian, 23:103.
Shreelavaniya, R., Kamaraj, S., Subramanian, S., Pangayarselvi, R., Murali, S.and Bharani, A. (2021). Experimental investigations on drying kinetics, modeling and quality analysis of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) dried in solar-biomass hybrid dryer. Solar Energy, 227:635-644.
Simha, P., Mathew, M. and Ganesapillai, M. (2016). Empirical modeling of drying kinetics and microwave assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Adathoda vasica and Cymbopogon citratus. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55:141-150.
Strocchi, G., Rubiolo, P., Cordero, C., Bicchi, C. and Liberto, E. (2022). Acrylamide in coffee: What is known and what still needs to be explored. A review. Food Chemistry, 393:133406.
Suherman, S., Widuri, H., Patricia, S., Susanto, E. E. and Sutrisna, R. J. (2020). Energy analysis of a hybrid solar dryer for drying coffee beans. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 9:131-139.
Susanti, D. Y., Sediawan, W. B., Fahrurrozi, M. and Hidayat, M. (2021). Foam-mat drying in the encapsulation of red sorghum extract: Effects of xanthan gum addition on foam properties and drying kinetics. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 20:270-279.
Sustain Coffee. (2018). Coffee production in the face of climate change: Indonesia. Retried from https://www.sustaincoffee.org/assets/resources/Indonesia_CountryProfile_Climate_Coffee_6-11.pdf
USDA. (2022). Coffee: World Markets and Trade. In Coffee: World Markets and Trade (Issue June). Retried from http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/coffee.pdf
Younis, M., Abdelkarim, D. and Zein El-Abdein, A. (2018). Kinetics and mathematical modeling of infrared thin-layer drying of garlic layers. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25: 332-338.
Yuwana, Y., Silvia, E. and Sidebang, B. (2020). Observed performances of the hybrid solar-biomass dryer for fish drying. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 583(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/583/1/012032
