Comparative evaluation of leaf and seed methanolic extracts obtained from Sophora tomentosa Linn. for phytochemical, phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Sophora tomentosa Linn. (Fabaceae), also known as a yellow necklace pod, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used to treat dysentery and diarrhea. This study evaluated the biological activities of methanolic leaf and seed extracts of S. tomentosa. The total phenolic content of methanolic leave (STL) seed (STS) and dechlorophyll of leave extract (DSTL) showed 92.02 ±1.78, 38.48 ± 0.61, and 35.35 ± 2.45 mg GAE/g extract), respectively. For antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay was found in leaves (STL) more than in dechlorophyll of leave extract (DSTL) and seed (STS). The methanolic extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against eight pathogenic bacterial species. The seed extract showed the most potent antibacterial activity against Kocuria rhizophila with 12.85±3.85 mm inhibition zones. For phytochemical evaluation, both leaf and seed extracts exhibited alkaloids and coumarin. The results showed that the leaf extract (STL) had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content than seeds and dechlorophyll of leave extract (DSTL). On the other hand, the seed extract presented the most potent antibacterial activity. The current study suggested that both leave and seed extracts of S. tomentosa gave the potential source of natural bioactive compounds, which will be further evaluated in other biological activities.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abd-Alla, H. I., Souguir, D. and Radwan, M. O. (2021). Genus Sophora: a comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 44:903-986.
Ao, M., Xiao, X. and Li, Q. (2019). Efficacy and safety of compound Kushen injection combined with chemotherapy on postoperative patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine, 98:3.
Awwad, A. M., Salem, N. M. and Abdeen, O. A. (2015). Phytochemical and spectral studies of synthesis sulfur nanoparticles using Sophora japonica pods extract. Journal of Advances in Chemistry, 11:3426-3432.
Bansode, T. S. and Salalkar, B. K. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of some selected Indian medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 6:550-556.
Benjakul, S. and Tagrida, M. (2020). Ethanolic extract of Betel (Piper betel L.) and Chaphlu (Piper sarmentosum Roxb.) dechlorophyllized using sedimention process: Producton, characteristic, and antioxidant activities. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44:1-14.
Boozari, M., Soltani, S. and Iranshahi, M. (2019). Biologically active prenylated flavonoids from the genus Sophora and their structure-activity relationship-A review. Phytotherapy Research, 33:546-560.
Chang, H. C., Liu, K. F., Teng, C. J., Lai, S. H., Yang, S. E., Ching, H. and Wu, C. R. (2019). Sophora tomentosa extract prevents MPTP-induced parkinsonism in C57BL/6 mice via the inhibition of GSK-3β phosphorylation and oxidative stress. Nutrients, 11:252.
Cho, H., Weon, S. R., Yang, E. Y., Kim, J. S., You, I. S., Ryu, D. G., Lee, J. H., Kang, K. U. and Bake, S. H. (1999). Antimicrobial effect of the extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 43:419-422.
Evans, W. C. (2002). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th Edition. W.B Saunder, Edinburgh. 585.
Farnsworth, N. R. (1966). Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55:225-276.
Krishna, P. M., Rao, K. N. V., Sandhya, S. and Banji, D. (2012). A review on phytochemical, ethnomedical and pharmacological studies on genus Sophora, Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 22:1145-1154.
Li, Y., Wang, G., Liu, J. and Ouyang, L. (2020). Quinolizidine alkaloids derivatives from Sophora alopecuroides Linn: Bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 188.
Lin, B. B., Liu, X., Wu, S. Q., Zheng, H. X., Huo, K. K., Qi, S. S. and Chen, C. (2019). Phytochemicals content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sophora viciifolia. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 16.
Natungnuy, K. and Poeaim, S. (2018). Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts from Mimusops elengi flowers. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 14:731-740.
Olatunde, O .O., Benjakul, S. and Vongkamjan, K. (2018). Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of guava leaf extracts as affected by solvents used for prior dechlorophyllizatio.. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42:1-12.
Phaisan, S., Yusakul, G., Sakdamas, A., Taluengit, N., Sakamoto, S. and Putalun, W. (2020). A green and effective method using oils to remove chlorophyll from Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Songklanakarin Journal of Scienceand Technology, 42:1084-1090.
Sato, M., Tsuchiya, H., Takase, I., Kureshiro, H., Tanigaki, S. and Iinuma, M. (1995). Antibacterial activity of flavanone isolated from Sophora exigua against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its combination with antibiotics. Phytotherapy, 9:509-512.
Sohn, H. Y., Son, K. H., Kwon, C. S., Kwon, G. S. and Kang, S. S. (2004). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of 18 prenylated flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants: Morus alba L., Morus mongolica Schneider, Broussnetia papyrifera (L.) Vent Sophora flavescens Ait and Echinosophora koreensis Nakai. Phytomedicine, 11:666-672.
Tanaka, T., Iinuma, M., Asai, F., Ohyama, M. and Burandt, B. (1997). Flavonoids from the root and stem of Sophora tomentosa. Phytochemistry, 46:1431-1437.
Yamaki, M., Kashihara, M. and Takagi, S. (1990). Activity of Kushen compounds against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Phytotherapy Research, 4:235-236.
Zahra, S. A., Iqbal, J., Abbasi, B. A., Yaseen, T., Hameed, A., Shahbaz, A., Kanwal, S., Mahmood, T. and Ahmad, P. (2021). Scanning electron microscopy of Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds and their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition potentials. Microscopy Research and Technique, 84:1809-1820.
Zeb, A. (2020). Concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44:1-22.
Zheng, J., Yu, X., Maninder, M. and Xu, B. (2018). Total phenolics and antioxidants profiles of commonly consumed edible flowers in China. International Journal of Food Properties, 21:1524-1540.
Zhu, Y., Wang, W., Ruan, R. and Chen, J. (2022). Oxidative potential and nanoantioxidant activity of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Sophora flavescens. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 7.
