Evaluation of the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi in controlling mustard aphids and promoting the growth of green cos lettuce
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have significant potential as biological control agents for insect pests and as integral components of integrated pest management systems. This study assessed the efficacy of nine entomopathogenic fungal isolates in controlling mustard aphids under laboratory conditions. Among the isolates, NMMet_KTLS7/3 exhibited the highest mortality (88.89%) and infection rates (85.57%), which were significantly different from those of the other isolates (p<0.05). Additionally, NMMet_KBR5/1 demonstrated the highest phosphate solubilization index (PSI) of 1.54, comparable to NMMet_KTLS7/3 (1.49) and NMMet_LTMC3/3 (1.44). Green cos lettuce plants treated with soil drench applications of entomopathogenic fungi exhibited significantly enhanced growth parameters, including plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry matter content (p < 0.05). The total fresh weight (shoot+root), shoot weight, and root weight of lettuce treated with NMMet_KBR5/1 demonstrated significantly higher values compared to other EPF isolates, with values of 105.79 g, 87.40 g, and 14.47 g, respectively. These values were not statistically different (p > 0.05) from those treated with NPK fertilizer (116.05 g, 90.65 g, and 20.60 g, respectively). In conclusion, all nine EPF isolates controlled aphids, solubilized phosphate, and promoted lettuce growth. NMMet_KTLS7/3 and NMMet_KBR5/1 are recommended for further field evaluation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Agbessenou, A., Akutse, K.S., Yusuf, A. A., Ekesi, S., Subramanian, S. and Khamis, F. M. (2020). Endophytic fungi protect tomato and nightshade plants against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) through a hidden friendship and cryptic battle. Scientific Reports, 10:1-12.
Ahmad, I., Jiménez-Gasco, M. del M., Luthe, D. S. and Barbercheck, M. E. (2020). Systemic colonization by Metarhizium robertsii enhances cover crop growth. Journal of Fungi, 6:1-16.
Behie, S. W., Moreira, C. C., Sementchoukova, I., Barelli, L., Zelisko, P. M. and Bidochka, M. J. (2017). Carbon translocation from a plant to an insect-pathogenic endophytic fungus. Nature Communications, 8:1-5.
Bidochka, M. J., Kamp, A. M., Lavender, T. M., Dekoning, J. and De Croos, J. A. (2001). Habitat association in two genetic groups of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: Uncovering cryptic species?. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67: 1335-1342.
Bidochka, M. J., Kasperskl, J. E. and Wild, G. A. M. (1998). Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soil from temperate and near northern habitats. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76:1198-1204.
Bihal, R., Al-Khayri, J. M., Banu, A. N., Kudesia, N., Ahmed, F. K., Sarkar, R. and Abd-Elsalam K. A. (2023). Entomopathogenic fungi: an ecofriendly synthesis of sustainable nanoparticles and their nanopesticide properties. Microorganisms, 11:1-24.
Bozca, F. D., Esklb, A. and Lebleici, S. (2022). Impact of some entomopathogenic fungi on the growth of Zea mays L. and Helianthus annuus L. Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 10:2144-2154.
Bugti, G. A., Bin, W., Memon, S. A., Khaliq, G. and Jaffar, M. A. (2020). Entomopathogenic fungi: factors involved in successful microbial control of insect pests. European Journal of Entomology, 17:74-83.
Chaker, B., Ali, B. B. and Hmed, B. N. (2021). A review of the management of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Oasis Agriculture and Sustainable Development, 3:32-44.
Dara, S. K. (2019). Non-entomopathogenic roles of entomopathogenic fungi in promoting plant health and growth. Insects, 10:1-9.
Dedryver, C. A., Le Ralec, A. and Fabre, F. (2010). The conflicting relationships between aphids and men: a review of aphid damage and control strategies. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333:539-553.
Ebert, T. A. and Cartwright, B. (1997). Biology and ecology of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Southwestern Entomologist, 22:116-153.
Erol, A. B., Abdelaziz, O., Birgucu, A. K., Senoussi, M. M., Oufroukh, A. and Karaca, I. (2020). Effects of some entomopathogenic fungi on the aphid species, Aphis gossypii gloven (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30:1-4.
Gebeyouohans, G., Chokel, Y., Alemu, T. and Asseta, F. (2021). Management of cabbage aphid (Breicoryne bassicae L. (Homoptera: Aphdidae) on ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) using entomopathogenic fungi and selected insecticides. Ethiopia journal of science, 44:13-62.
Hao, Q. A., Dosouky, D. M., Yannong X., Xueqiong X., Chenmi M., Tian T. and Gaofeng W. (2021). Endophytic Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biocontrol agent against wheat Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum. Journal of Plant Pathology, 103:875-885.
Hu, S. and Bidochka, M. J. (2021). Root colonization by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 130:570-581.
Hu, S., Mojahid, M. S. and Bidochka, M. J. (2023). Root colonization of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by the endophytic fungi Metarhizium and Pochonia improves growth. Industrial Crops and Products, 198:116716.
Humber, R. A. (2012). Identification of entomopathogenic fungi. In: Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. pp.151-187. Academic Press, Las Vegas.
Jaber, L. R. and Enkerli, J. (2016). Effect of seed treatment duration on growth and colonization of Vicia faba by endophytic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. biological control, 103:187-195.
Khastini, R. O., Marianingsih, P. and Fitri, S. (2015). Isolasi dan penapisan cendawan endofit akar asal ekosistem mangrove cagar alampulau duabanten (Isolation and screening of endophytic fungi from roots originating from the Mangrove ecosystem of Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Banten). Bioscientiae, 12:16-28.
Liu, Y., Yang, Y. and Wang, B. (2022). Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae play roles of maize (Zea mays) growth promoter. Scientific Reports, 12:15706.
Maina, U. M., Galadima, I. B., Gambo, F. M. and Zakaria, D. (2018). A review on the use of entomopathogenic fungi in the management of insect pests of field crops. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6:27-32.
Mimma, A. A., Akter, T., Haque, Md. A., Bhuiyan, Md. A. B., Md Chowdhury, Z. H., Sultana, S. and Islam, S. M. N. (2023). Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (MetA1) on growth enhancement and antioxidative defense mechanism against Rhizoctonia root rot in okra. Heliyon, 9:1-17.
Oba, L. X. S., Mattos, L. M., Paiva, G. F., Carrasco, N. F., Santos, E. F. and Mota, L. H. C. (2024). Planting fertilization and Metarhizium anisopliae inoculation in the initial growth of sugarcane. Revista de Agricultura Neotropical, 11:e7712. 1-5.
Pikovskaya, R. I. (1948). Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with vital activity of some microbial species. Microbiology, 17:362-370.
Popoonsak, S. and Konkarn, M. (2021). Efficacy test of some entomopathogenic fungi to control Aphis craccivora (Koch) in yard - long bean. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 39:159-167.
Qubbaj, T. and Samara, R. (2022). Efficacy of three entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii isolates against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Legume Research, 45:1572-1579.
Quesada -Moraga, E., González -Mas, N., Yousef-Yousef, M., Garrido -Jurado, I. and Fernández -Bravo, M. (2024). Key role of environmental competence in successful use of entomopathogenic fungi in microbial pest control. Journal of Pest Science, 97:1-15.
Rana, K. L., Kour, D., Sheikh, I. and Yadav, N. (2019). Advances in endophytic fungal research. NY: Springer International Publishing, New York.
Raya-Díaz, S., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A. R., Segura-Fernández, J. M., del Campillo, M. C. and Quesada-Moraga, E. (2017). Entomopathogenic fungi-based mechanisms for improved Fe nutrition in sorghum plants grown on calcareous substrates. PLoS ONE, 12:e0185903.
Russo, M. L., Pelizza, S. A., Vianna, M. F., Allegrucci, N., Cabello, M. N., Toledo, A. V., Mourelos, C. and Scorsetti, A. C. (2018). Effect of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. growth and yield. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 31:1-10.
Samson, R. A., Evans, H. A. and Latge, J. P. (1998). Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Springer, Berlin.
SAS, Institute. (2006). SAS/STAT Software; Version 9.00; SAS: Cary, NC, USA.
Sharma, A, Sharma, S. and Yadav, P. K. (2023). Entomopathogenic fungi and their relevance in sustainable agriculture: a review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9:2180857.
Shukla, R. M. and Vyas, R. V. (2014). Phosphate solubilizing efficiency of Mycopesticides. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology, 7:705-710.
Siqueira, A. C. O., Mascarin, G. M., Gonçalves, C. R. N. C. B., Marcon, J., Quecine, M. C., Figueira, A. and Delalibera, Í. Jr. (2020). Multi-trait biochemical features of Metarhizium species and their activities that stimulate the growth of tomato plants. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4:137.
Spaepen, S. and Vanderleyden, J. (2011). Auxin and plant-microbe interactions. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 3:a001438.
Strobel, G. A. (2003). Endophytes as sources of bioactive products. Microbes Infect, 5:535-544.
Vidal, S. and Jaber, L. R. (2015). Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: plant–endophyte–herbivore interactions and prospects for use in biological control. Current Science, 109:46-54.
Yusniwati., Nurbailis., Trizelia. and Saragih, M. (2022). Potency of entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana fungus as biofertilizer and biostimulant to increase the plant growth of Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1160:1:9.
Zimmermann, G. (2007). Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Biเocontrol Science and Technology, 17:879-920.
