Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-adhesive activities of different solvent extracts from various parts of Basella rubra L.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Basella rubra is a green leafy vegetable commonly grown in a tropical region with high nutritional value. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-adhesive activities of crude extracts of B. rubra from leaves, stems, and fruits extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH), and water were investigated. The results showed that MeOH extract from leaves had the highest yield of 22.62%. EtOAc extract from leaves presented the highest total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, EtOAc extract from fruits exhibited the highest % nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with IC50 of 53.2 ± 3.3 µg/ml, followed by EtOAc extract from leaves with IC50 of 74.4 ± 4.3 µg/ml in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The antibacterial activity revealed that EtOAc and MeOH extracts from fruits inhibited Staphylococcus aureus DMST 8840, Salmonella typhimurium DMST 562, and Escherichia coli DMST 4212 with MIC of 3.91 mg/ml and 15.63 mg/ml, respectively. EtOAc extract from fruits was the most effective in inhibiting E. coli DMST 4212 and S. aureus DMST 8840 with adhesive inhibition of 75.8% and 55.9% to human colonic epithelial Coco-2 cells, respectively. Comparatively, MeOH extract from fruits showed 53.1% inhibition of S. typhimurium DMST 562. However, EtOAc extract from leaves was the least effective in inhibiting the adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria but moderately inhibited Gram-positive bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis revealed that EtOAc and MeOH extracts from fruits contained ergoline, sulfamide derivatives, and saturated fatty acids. The present results indicate that it might be possible to exploit EtOAc or MeOH
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adegoke, G. O. and Ojo, O. A. (2017). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the leaf, stem and fruit fractions of Basella alba and Basella rubra. Plant, 5:73-79.
Belakhdar, G., Benjouad, A. and Abdennebi, E.H. (2015). Determination of some bioactive chemical constituents from Thesium humile Vahl. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 6:2778-2783.
Benzie, I. F. and Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239:70-76.
Bhanu Priya, K., Venkata Subbaiah, K. and Josthna, P. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of Basella rubra on oxazolone-induced colitis in rat. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2:832-841.
Braca, A., De Tommasi, N., Di Bari, L., Pizza, C., Politi, M. and Morelli, I. Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis. Journal of Natural Products, 64:892-895.
Chen, L., Deng, H., Cui, H., Fang, J., Zuo, Z., Deng, J., Li, Y., Wang, X. and Zhao, L. (2018). Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget, 9:7204-7218.
Casillas-Vargas, G., Ocasio-Malavé, C., Medina, S., Morales-Guzmán, C., García Del Valle, R., Carballeira, N. M. and Sanabria-Ríos, D. J. (2021). Antibacterial fatty acids: An update of possible mechanisms of action and implications in the development of the next-generation of antibacterial agents. Progress in Lipid Research, 82:101093.
Desbois, A. P. and Smith, V. J. (2010). Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 85:1629-1642.
Deshmukh, S. A. and Gaikwad, D. K. (2014). A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Basella alba (Basellaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4:153-165.
Kumar, B. R., Anupam, A., Manchikanti, P., Rameshbabu, A. P., Dasgupta, S. and Dhara, S. (2018). Identification and Characterization of bioactive phenolic constituents, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic activity of stem extracts of Basella alba and rubra. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55:1675-1684.
Kumar, S.S., Manoj, P., Shetty, N.P., Prakash, M. and Giridhar, P. (2015). Characterization major of betalain pigment-gomphrenin, betanin and isobetanin from Basella rubra L. fruit and evaluation of efficacy as a natural colourant in product (ice cream) development. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52:4994-5002.
Nitteranon, V. (2018). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and quinone reductase inducing effects of Lumyai Thao (Dimocarpus longan var. obtusus) seed extract. Journal of Food Science and Agricultural Technology, 4:29-35.
Nitteranon, V., Zhang, G., Darien, B. J. and Parkin, K. (2011). Isolation and synergism of in vitro anti-inflammatory and quinone reductase (R) inducing agents from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (noni). Food Research International, 44:2271-2277.
Mah, S. H., Teh, S. S. and Ee, G. C. (2017). Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55:920-928.
Mehmood, T., Tanveer, A., Nadeem, F., Anwar, F., Saeed, S. and Tabassam, Q. (2021). Evaluation of effect of different solvent systems on functional and pharmacological properties of fruits and leaves extracts from natal plum. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15:2667-2678.
McGinty, D., Letizia, C. S. and Api, A. M. (2010). Fragrance material review on phytol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48:S59-S63.
Rauha, J., Remes, S., Heinonen, M., Hopia, A., Kahaonen, M. and Kujala, T. (2000). Antimicrobial effects of finished plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 56:3-12.
Rodda, R., Kota, A., Sindhuri, T., Kumar, S. A. and Gnananath, K. (2012). Investigation on anti-inflammatory property of Basella alba Linn leaf extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4:452-454.
Roy, S., Gangopadhyay, G. and Mukherjee, K. (2010). Is stem twining form of Basella alba L. a naturally occurring variant?. Current Science, 98:1370-1375.
Singh, M., Kumari, R. and Kotecha, M. (2016). Basella rubra Linn. - A Review. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 5:206-223.
Srisukong, A., Jantree, K. and Hanpakphum, S. (2016). The study of antibacterial in weed extracts. VRU Research and Development Journal Science and Technology, 11:69-82.
Stenz, L., François, P., Fischer, A., Huyghe, A., Tangomo, M., Hernandez, D., Cassat, J., Linder, P. and Schrenzel, J. (2008). Impact of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) on bacterial viability and biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 287:149-155.
Tenore, G. C., Ciampaglia, R., Arnold, N. A., Piozzi, F., Napolitano, F., Rigano, D. and Senatore, F. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Salvia lanigera from Cyprus. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49:238-243.
Truong, D.-H., Nguyen, D. H., Ta, N. T. A., Bui, A. V., Do, T. H. and Nguyen, H. C. (2019). Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. Journal of Food Quality, 2019:1-9.
Zhao, D. and Shah, N. P. (2015). Tea and soybean extracts in combination with milk fermentation inhibit growth and enterocyte adherence of selected foodborne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 180:306-316.
