Analysis of water resources and water potentials under conditions of land use-urban-industrial-agricultural change and climate change in the Eastern region of Thailand
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Abstract
Analysis of water resources and rainwater-runoff potentials were investigated under climate change conditions and land use development, urban, economic and industrial change in the eastern region, as well as analyzing models and evaluating water costs in the eastern watershed, namely the Eastern Coastal Basin, Bang Pakong River Basin, Prachinburi Basin, Tonle Lake Basin by using the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and a Cellular Automata (CA)- Markov chain model and predicted land use change related the amount of runoff demand for water in the year 2012-2018 recorded that an averaged water demand of 10,316.44 - 13824.96 million cubic meters (consumption 158.40-212.27 million cubic meters, industry and tourism 369.36-494.98 million cubic meters, agriculture 9,338.18 – 12,514.05 million cubic meters). It was increasing urban areas, industries, and buildings mostly infrastructure by 305.29 square kilometers, especially in Rayong, Chonburi, and Chachoengsao provinces. The agricultural area is increased by 446.74 square kilometers, growing by 10 – 15% due to government policies, the development of special economic zones, Coastal Economic Corridor, and water demand is increased by 10 – 20 % per year in each sector. The Water Supply of Eastern Thailand has 56 reservoirs, with 6 large reservoirs with a combined capacity of 1,467.75 million cubic meters and 49 medium-sized reservoirs with a total capacity of 647 million cubic meters which is a storage volume of 2,115 million cubic meters. The Eastern Region has 48 industrial estates and total factories located inside and outside, about 10,853 factories. Water demand of the agriculture sector is used at about 85-90 % or more than 5,600 million cubic meters/Year of the total water supplies. Industrial sectors used about 8-10 % or more than 57.0 million cubic meters/Year. Urban, domestic, and tourism used about 5 - 7 % or more than 370 million cubic meters/Year
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