Morphological, molecular and biological characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) from Rice in Northern Luzon, Philippines
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Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a new invasive pest of corn in the Philippines. The larvae were identified which based on morphological characteristics and through molecular techniques. Cytochrome C oxidase I A region (COIA) amplification and comparison with nucleotide sequences in the GenBank was used to identify. All larvae collected from Barangay Annanuman, San Pablo, Isabela showed morphological characteristics identified as S. frugiperda. Analysis of the COIA gene region revealed the presence of both the corn strain (CS) and rice strain (RS) in the samples. Biological studies on young leaves of corn (IPB var 6) showed that the eggs were dome-shaped, laid in clusters, covered with cottony scales, and were light-colored, but turned dark or black when about to hatch. The neonate larva was yellowish and turned brown or dark green to purplish green at maturity. The larvae passed through six instars. Total larval period of all instars was completed in 10.18±0.99 and 9.62±0.98 days for the male and the female, respectively. The pupal period was 8.43±0.51 days for the male and 7.23±0.6 days for the female. Total development period was 20.61±1.0 days for the male and 18.85±1.26 days for the female. Fecundity of females that emerged from heavy pupae of 1,857.75±858.07 eggs per female did not differ from females that emerged from lighter pupae (X̅= 1,390±303.03 eggs). Hatchability of eggs was 74.15±23.16 percent (from heavy pupae) and 66.02±21.82 percent (from light pupae). Male adults that emerged from light pupae lived significantly longer than those from heavy pupae. The present study confirmed the presence of both RS and CS in rice from Isabela. This is the first report of occurrence of the RS and CS of S. frugiperda in rice in the Philippines.
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