Potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) lines/crosses for resistance to Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease and to pests in Thailand
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Abstract
Studies of disease and pest resistance can assist in selecting heterotic cross models for the commercial exploitation of okra lines/crosses. Among twenty investigated lines, four lines of okra [KN-OYV-01 (P1), KN-OYV-02 (P2), LUCKYFILE 473 (P3) and RED FINGER (P4)] were identified as the best and subjected to full diallelic crosses to produce twelve F1 hybrids. Then, the four parent lines, twelve F1 hybrids and a commercial benchmark (OP line), were evaluated for prevalence and severity of the epidemiological factors of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) and resistance to pests at Thaksin University. The experiments followed a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results revealed that the incidence of OYVMD ranged from 0.00 to 10.42%. Several crosses and parent lines, including P2, P4, P1xP2, P1xP4, P2xP1, P2xP3, P2xP4, P3xP2, P4xP1, P4xP2, exhibited immunity to Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) with 0.00% infection rate. Among the pests that cause economic damage to okra, the lines tested were significantly different (P≤0.05) in responses to Aphis gossypii Glover, Thrips palmi Karny, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, Bemisia tabaci Genn and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The lowest counts of the pests A. gossypii Glover, T. palmi Karny, A. biguttula biguttula Ishida and B. tabaci Genn were recorded on P2xP1, P1, P1xP2 and P2 (3.25±0.92, 19.55±3.21, 2.11±4.45 and 1.10±1.24 insects/plant, respectively). In contrast, the OP line had the highest levels of infestation by A. gossypii Glover, T. palmi Karny, A. biguttula biguttula Ishida, B. tabaci Genn, H. armigera (Hübner) and leaf miners at 9.34±1.04, 45.84±84.21, 14.99±4.42, 9.14±2.22, 0.06±0.10 and 0.75±0.33 insects/plant, respectively. Moreover, the highest trichome density was recorded on P2 line (142.45±3.24 cm2 leaf area), while the OP line exhibited the least number of trichomes (102.21±3.80 cm2 leaf area). Thus, the trichomes are a major factor in the resistance of okra against diseases and pests.
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