Efficiency of a solar-powered automated drip irrigation system in enhancing yield and quality of durian and mangosteen in Eastern Thailand
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Abstract
The results demonstrated that irrigation system significantly influenced flowering, fruit set, yield components, and fruit quality in both durian and mangosteen. The solar-powered automated drip irrigation system (SPADIS) produced significantly higher flowering percentages than the conventional sprinkler emitter irrigation system (CSEIS) in durian (78.40 ± 1.80% vs. 68.50 ± 2.20%, P < 0.01) and mangosteen (55.80 ± 2.00% vs. 45.20 ± 1.60%, P < 0.01). Fruit set in both durian and mangosteen was significantly enhanced under SPADIS compared with CSEIS. Regarding yield components, SPADIS significantly increased the number of fruits per tree in durian (25.40 ± 2.10) and mangosteen (115.00 ± 10.50). Total fruit weight was significantly higher in mangosteen under SPADIS (52.00 ± 4.20 kg/tree) than under CSEIS (48.00 ± 3.80 kg/tree), while durian yield was also significantly greater under SPADIS (88.00 ± 8.50 kg/tree). In terms of fruit quality, total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher under SPADIS in both durian (33.50 ± 0.80 °Brix) and mangosteen (19.50 ± 0.60 °Brix) (P < 0.01). In contrast, CSEIS produced significantly firmer durian fruit (14.50 ± 0.90 N), whereas mangosteen fruit firmness was significantly higher under SPADIS (8.20 ± 0.40 N). Linear regression analysis revealed strong positive relationships between irrigation input and flowering under SPADIS in durian (R2 = 0.85, P < 0.01) and mangosteen (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.05), as well as between irrigation input and total soluble solids (TSS) under SPADIS for durian (R2 = 0.89) and mangosteen (R² = 0.81). Furthermore, significant interactions between plant species and irrigation system (A × B) were detected for flowering, TSS, and fruit firmness.
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