Phytostabilization ability of the rice elite lines in cadmium-contaminated paddy soil
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Abstract
One of the issues in rice-growing areas is the high concentration of heavy metals in rice paddy soils. Human beings, aquatic and terrestrial animals, and crops and other plants are all at risk from high cadmium concentrations in soils. Seedling vigor tests of the sixteen (16) rice elite lines were screened in the very severe (SVE) cadmium-contaminated soil (>1.60 mg/kg cadmium) to determine their cadmium resistance using the scales: 1=extra vigorous, 3=vigorous, 5=normal, 7=weak, and 9=very weak at 14 days after seeding. The identified resistant (extra vigorous) rice elite lines were planted in the cadmium-contaminated soil (10.23 mg/kg cadmium) under a controlled environment. The cadmium content of the unpolished and polished grains of the identified resistant rice elite lines was determined for their phytostabilization ability using the maximum allowable level of cadmium in the rice grains and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC). Three (3) rice lines, namely PR52643-B-5-1-1, PR51233-B-B-SAL106-2-2-1-Drt1, and PR51233-B-B-SAL106-2-2-1-Drt, were identified as extra vigorous based on scales of the seeding vigor test. PR52403ILR-6-1-1-1-6-B was identified as a rice elite line with phytostabilization ability because of its low accumulation of cadmium in the unpolished grain with 0.1 mg/kg cadmium and a BAC value of 0.01 and polished grain with 0.0 mg/kg cadmium and 0.00 BAC value. This rice elite line is recommended as parent material for rice breeding to create new rice variety(ies) with phytostabilization ability or rice cadmium excluder variety(ies) suitable to plant in the very severe cadmium-contaminated paddy soil.
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