The antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity, cytotoxicity, and synergy effect of Sesbania javanica Miq. in combination with tetracycline against opportunistic bacteria
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Abstract
The result revealed that Sesbania javanica flower and leaf extracts exhibited the DPPH radical scavenging activity by IC50 of 2.07 and 2.38 and mg/mL, respectively. S. javanica flower and leaf extracts showed antibacterial activities against some opportunistic bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, as MICs ranging between 10 to 80 mg/ml. The synergistic combination of tetracycline and S. javanica flower and leaf extracts showed additive effect against drug resistant P. aeruginosa, and indifferent effect against E. coli ATCC 25922, drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and FICIs were between 0.5 to 2. Time kill assay was revealed bacteriostatic effect that the flower extract of S. javanica was significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, drug resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. The viabilities of bacteria were reduced at least 2log CFU/mL under log phase, when applying with 1/2 MIC tetracycline plus 1/16 MIC to 1/2048 S. javanica extract. In addition, S. javanica flower extract inhibited biofilm formation of E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as % inhibitions ranging 66.57±1.29 - 69.6±0.92%. Cytotoxicity test of S. javanica flower and leaf extracts exhibited no toxicity against RAW-264.7 macrophages. This study demonstrated that S. javanica could be developed as a novel supplement of tetracycline to enhance antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.
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