Efficacy of a probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain in fish culture water for ammonia removal and enhancing survival of juvenile common carps (Cyprinus carpio)
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Abstract
Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was significantly reduced by treatments of 10.0 and 5.0 mg/L probiotic Bacillus subtilis within 48 hours (p<0.05). Fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), survival in all treatment groups was higher than the control group significantly (p<0.05). B. subtilis concentration of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L can reduce ammonia in fish culture water and promote fish survival. This B. subtilis strain should be an optional probiotic in fish culture.
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