Micropropagation of Canavalia cathartica of coastal sand dunes
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Abstract
Among the tender pods, cotyledons of ripened beans, germinated dry seeds and hypocotyls used for in vitro culturing, cotyledons and hypocotyls of germinated dry seeds responded positively. A maximum of 78% callus induction in large quantity was seen in cut ends of cotyledons fortified with 1 mg/l BAP within four weeks followed by formation of embryos in six weeks, but failed to develop roots in spite of supplementing IAA. At 0.5 mg/l each of BAP and 2iP induction of shoot buds in 30% cotyledon explants was seen. In 40% of hypocotyls, 1 mg/l each of BAP and 2iP induced large amount of friable calli within four weeks. In hypocotyls placed upright position in medium with 0.5 mg/l and 1 mg/l each of BAP and 2iP, leafy shoots were induced up to 50% and 42.5% respectively. A highest of 62.5% of hypocotyl explants exhibited rooting on culturing with 1 mg/l each of NAA and IAA, but higher concentrations failed to induce roots. Treatment of the stem cuttings with IBA at 1 mg/l for 30 min increased rooting response, while 0.25 mg/l NAA resulted in high rooting response. In vitro and ex vitro micropropagation techniques for C. cathartica could be employed to supplement the traditional propagation methods of plant breeding. Attempts are successful to initiate callus (cotyledon and hypocotyl), shoot bud induction (cotyledon), root formation (hypocotyl) and somatic embryogenesis (cotyledon). Induction of friable calli from cotyledon and hypocotyls will be useful to extract valuable phytochemicals such as con A, canavanine and canaline.
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