The effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure on grain yield and seed quality of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Experiment was conducted during 2007 growing seasons at the Field of College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Province, Iran to study the effect of biofertilizers (Azosporillum and Azotobacter), nitrogen fertilizer (N) and farmyard manure (FYM) in various rates on the grain and biological yield, seed protein content as well as seed oil content and fatty acid composition in sunflower (Helianthus annus L. cv. Alestar). The results showed that both grain and biological yield produced a better result during the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure than using either method alone. Maximum grain and biological yields of 2823.3 kg ha-1and 9917.9 kg ha-1 were obtained with the F3 treatment, respectively. The results revealed that biofertilizer improved plant productivity and quality in sunflower seed. The application of biofertilizer (I1) decreased the saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) and increased unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) and oil content, compared with untreated plants I0. The highest linolenic acid (53.28%) and oleic acid (40.65%) were observed in F3 and F1 treatments respectively.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
AACC. (1987). Approved methods of the AACC. American Association of Chemists Inc, St Paul, MN, USA, Method 46–11.
Anderson, J.W. and Beardall, J. (1999). Molecular Activities of Plant Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London, Paris.
AOAC (1990). Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Cereal Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
Bloemberg, G.V., Wijfjes, A.H.M., Lamers, G.E.M., Stuurman, N. and Lugtenberg, B.J.J. (2000). Simultaneous imaging of Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS3655 populations expressing three different autofluorescent proteins in the rhizosphere: new perspective for studying microbial communities. Mol. Plant Mic. Inter 13: 1170-1176
Chela, G.S., Tiwana, M.S., Thind, I.S., Puri, K.P. and Kaur, K. (1993). Effect of bacterial cultures and nitrogen fertility on the yield and quality of maia fodder (Zea mays L.). Ann. Biol 9: 83-86
Dayal, D. and Agarwal, S.K. (1998). Response of sunflower to organic manures and fertilizers. Indian Journal of Agronomy 43(3): 469-473.
FAO Production year book .1996.
Ghani, A., Hussain, M. and Hassan, A. (2000). Interactive effect of nitrogen and water stress on leaf area of sunflower. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences 3: 989-990.
Gorttappeh, A.H., Ghalavand, A., Ahmady, M.R. and Mirnia, S.K. (2000). Effect of organic, inorganic and integrated fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of different cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in western Azarbayjan. Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6(2): 85-104.
Greef, J.M. (1994). Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Relation to Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Under Varying Amounts of Nitrogen Supply, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 172:317–326.
Han, X-M., Wang, R-q., Liu, J., Wang, M-C., Zhou, J. and Guo, W-h. (2007). Effects of vegetation type on soil microbial community structure and catabolic diversity assessed by polyphasic methods in North China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19: 1228–12 34
Karmakar, S., Lague, C., Agnew, J. and Landry, H. (2007). Integrated decision support system (DSS) for manure management. A review and perspective Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 57: 190–201
Kennedy, I.R., Choudhury, A.T.M.A. and Kecskes, M.L. (2004). Nonsymbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited? Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36 (8): 1229–1244
Khaliq, A. (2004). Irrigation and nitrogen management effects on productivity of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Agron, Uni. of Agri. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Kheir, N.F., Harb, E.Z., Moursi, H.A. and El-Gayar, S.H. (1991). Effect of Salinity and Fertilization on Flax Plants (Linum usitatissimum L.). II. Chemical Composition, Bull. Faculty Agriculture. (Univ. Cairo) 42: 57–70
Kloepper, J.W., Zablotowicz, R.M., Tipping, E.M. and Lifshitz, R. (1991). Plant growth promotion mediated by bacterial rhizosphere colonizers. In: Keister, D.L., Cregan, P.B. (Eds.), The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, pp 315– 326.
Kumar, V. (1994). Nitrogen economy in Indian mustard through use of Azotobacter chroococcum. Crop Research 8: 449-452
Nanjundappa, G., Shivaraj, B., Janarjuna, S. and Sridhara, S. (2001). Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients applied alone or in combination on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Deptment of Agronmy University of Agricultral Science. Bangalore, India, 24: 34, 115-119.
Nelson, L. M. (2004). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): prospects for new inoculants. Crop Management doi:10.1094/ CM-2004-0301-05-RV.
Persello-Cartieaux, F., Nussaume, L. and Robaglia, C. (2003). Tales from the underground: molecular plant–rhizobacteria interactions. Plant CellEnviron 26 (2):189-199.
Ramesh, S., Raghbir, S. and Mohinder, S. (1999). Effect of phosphorus, Iron and FYM on yield and quality of sunflower. Annals Agri. Biol. Res 4(2): 145-150.
Ram Rao, D.M., Kodandaramaiah, J., Reddy, M.P., Katiyar, R.S. and Rahmathulla, V.K. (2007). Effect of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizers on mulberry leaf quality and silkworm cocoon characters under semiarid conditions Caspian Journal of Enviromental Sciences , Vol. 5 No.2 pp. 111-117.
Saeed, N., Hussain, M. and Saleem, M. (2002). Interactive effect of biological sources and organic amendments on the growth and yield attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences 39(2): 135-136.
Samman, S., Chow, J.W.Y., Foster, M.J., Ahmad, Z.I., Phuyal, J.L. and Petocz, P. (2008). Fatty acid composition of edible oils derived from certified organic and conventional agricultural methods. Food Chemistry 109: 670–674.
SAS (1998). SAS/STAT User,s Guide (Release 6.03). SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. 1686 P.
Scheiner, J.D., Gutie´rrez-Boem, F.H. and Lavado, R.S. 2002. Sunflower nitrogen requirement and 15N fertilizer recovery in Western Pampas, Argentina. European Journal of Agronomy 17: 73–79.
Seema, P., Chandra, K.K., Tiwari, K.P. and Paroha, S. (2000). Synergistic role of VAM and Azotobacter inoculation on growth and biomass production in forestry species. J. Trop. For., 16:13-21.
Seiler, G.J. (2007). Wild annual Helianthus anomalus and H. deserticola for improving oil content and quality in sunflower. Industrial Crops and Products 25: 95–100.
Seiler, G.J., 1986. Analysis of the relationships of environmental factors with seed oil and fatty acid concentrations of wild annual sunflower. Field Crops Research. 15, 57–72.
Sharma, K.N. and Namdeo, K.N. (1999). Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorous on NPK contents, uptake and grain quality of soybean (Glycine max L. merrill) and nutrient status of soil. Crop Research. (Hisar), 17: 164-169.
Shata, S.M., Safaa, A.M. and Hanan, S.S. (2007). Improving Calcareous Soil Productivity by Integrated Effect of Intercropping and Fertilizer. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 3(6): 733-739.
Sugiyama, T., Mizuno, M. and Hayashi, M. (1984). Partitioning of Nitrogen Among Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, and Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase as Related to Biomass Productivity in Maize Seedlings. Plant Physiology 75: 665-669.
Steer, B.T. and Seiler, G.I. (1990). Changes in fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds in response to time of nitrogen application, supply rates and defoliation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 51: 11-26.
Tiwana, M.S., Chela, G.S., Thind, I.S., Puri, K.P. and Kaur, K. (1992). Effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on the yield andquality of pearl millet folder. Ann. Biol 8: 29-32
Tiwari, R.B. and Parihar, S.S. (1992). Effect of nitrogen and variety on grain yield and net profit of sunflower. Advances in Plant Sciences 5(1): 173-175.
Wu, S.C., Cao, Z.H., Li, Z.G.and Cheung, K.C. (2005). Effect of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma.125: 155-166.
