Incidence and seed transmission of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis in cluster bean
Main Article Content
Abstract
Dry seed examination of 149 samples of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (Taub.)] collected from 25 districts of Rajasthan revealed asymptomatic (0.5-94.5%), moderately discoloured (2.75-97.5%) and shrivelled-discoloured (0.25-100%) seeds in 132, 147 and 149 seed samples, respectively. The discolorations varied from cream to purple-brown spots and water-soaked translucent areas which yielded colonies of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis on incubation. The standard cultural, biochemical and pathogenecity tests were carried out for identification of the bacterium. 142 (95.30%) seed samples of 25 districts of Rajasthan revealed 7.5-100% incidence of the pathogen on Yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar medium. The seed-borne inoculum caused pre- and post- imergence losses and symptoms of browning of radicle, splitting of plumule, necrotic spots with bacterial oozing and bright in cotyledonary leaves.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Almeida, I.M.G., Beriam, L.O.S., Malavolta, V.A. and Ambrosan, E.J. (1992). Isolation and characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis in Brazil and reaction of guar genotypes to the bacterium. Summa Pytopathologica 18(3-4): 255-261.
.Anonymous. (1985). International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). Seed Science and Technology 4: 1-177.
Chakravarthy, C.N., Krishnappa, M. and Thippeswamy, B. (2004a). Seed-borne nature and transmission of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 34(2): 223-227.
Chakravarthy, C.N., Krishnappa, M. and Thippeswamy, B. (2004b). Investigation on bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis) of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] and in vitro control. Indian Journal of Plant Pathology 22(1&2): 68-74.
Fahy, P.C. and Persley, G.J. (1983). Plant bacterial diseases. A diagnostic guide. Academic Press, London, New York, Sydney. pp. 393.
Gandhi, S.K. and Chand, J.A. (1985). Yield losses in guar due to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis. Indian Phytopathology 38: 516-519.
Gupta, D.K. (1978). Yield losses in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) caused by bacterial blight (Xanthomonas cyamopsidis). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 8: 27.
Hildebrand, D.C. and Schroth, M.N. (1972). Identification of fluorescent Pseudomonas. In: Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conference on plant pathogenic bacteria (Ed. Mass Geesteranus, H.P.), Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.: 281-287.
Kiraley, Z., Klement, Z., Solymosy, F. and Vörös, J. (1970). Methods in Plant Pathology. Akademiai Kiadó, Budapest.
Kovacs, N. (1956). Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature, London 178: 703.
Lelliot, R.A. and Stead, D.E. (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. In: Methods in Plant Pathology. Vol. 2. (Ed. Preece, T.F.), Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, London pp. 216.
Mihail, J.D. and Alcorn, S.M. (1985). Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis) of guar in Arizona. Plant Disease (Abstr.). 69: 811.
Orellana, R.G., Thomas, C.A. and Kinman, M.L. (1965). A bacterial blight of guar in United States. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 13: 9-13.
Parashar, R.D. and Sharma, D.D.K. (1984). Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis in guar seed lots. Indian Phytopathology 37(2): 353-355.
Patel, A.J. and Patel, M.K. (1958). A new bacterial blight in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L). Taub. Current Science 27: 258-259.
Patel, M.K., Dhande, G.W. and Kulkarni, Y.S. (1953). Bacterial leaf-spot of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Current Science 22: 183.
Schaad, N.W. (1980). Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria (Edt.). For Bacteriology Committee of American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota. pp. 72.
Schaad, N.W. and Kendrick, R. (1975). A qualitative method for detecting Xanthomonas campestris in crucifer seed. Phytopathology 65: 1034-1036.
Sharma, J., Agrawal, K. and Singh, D. (1992). Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson infection in rape and mustard seeds. Seed Research 20:128-133.
Sharma, M., Kumar, D., Agrawal, K., Singh, T. and Singh, D. (2001). Colonization of pigeon pea seed by Xanthomonas campestris pv. cajani. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 31(2): 216-219.
Sharma, M., Agrawal, K. and Singh, T. (2002). Incidence and seed transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. cajani in pigeon pea. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 32(1): 1-5.
Soni, P.S. and Thind. B.S. (1991). Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vignaeradiata (Sabet et al.) Dye from green gram seeds and X. campestris pv. vignicola (Burkh.) Dye from cowpea seeds with help of bacteriophages. Plant Disease Research. 6(1):6-11.
Undersander, D.J., Putnam, D.H., Kaminski, A.R., Kelling, K.A., Doll, J.D., Oplinger, E.S. and Gunsolus, J.L. (1991). Alternative field crops manual. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI-53706.: 1-7.
Yadav, S.C., Nath, R. and Yadav, R.K. (2005). Occurrence of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis) on cluster bean. In: Second Global Conference on Plant Health-Global Wealth, (November 25-29, 2005), Indian Society of Mycology and Plant Pathology and Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, India. (Abstr.).: 46.
