Developing bioplastic mulch from Kuhol (Pomacea canaliculata) shell chitosan with potato peel starch and rice husk cellulose
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Abstract
Results revealed tensile strength (TS) values ranging from 29,730 to 131,860 Pa. The starch-dominant formulation (25:50:25) recorded the highest average tensile strength and the highest elongation at break of 29.47%. Reduced amounts of chitosan and cellulose decreased tensile strength but increased elongation. The mean percent at water vapor permeability (WVP) of the produced bioplastics with potato peel starch, rice husk cellulose, and kuhol shell chitosan ratio of (33:33:33), (25:50:25), (40:40:20), and (20:40:40) were between 4.17 ×10-11 and 1.72 ×10-11 cm3 ∙ cm / cm2 ∙ s ∙ Pa. Low WVP indicated high water barrier properties (WBP), a positive feature for mulch film. As the amount of chitin in bioplastics increased the mass of the water vapor that escaped through them decreased. The lowest biodegradability rate was 8 % obtained from 40:40:20 ratio. The addition of chitosan increased the time required for biodegradation. Starch, cellulose and chitosan did not immediately contribute to NPK availability as it provided a carbon source for microbes during biodegradation first, thus requiring longer observation time. Research findings demonstrated a significant difference in the TS and elongation in the different ratios, with a p-value 0.002 for TS and <.0001 for elongation. However, there were no significant differences in the WVP, biodegradability, and NPK content. It is recommended to widen the testing parameters which includes testing the efficacy of the bioplastic mulch through enhancing soil moisture ability, plant growth, and weed suppressibility, using more advanced analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and to improve the quality and size of the product, longer and wider experimentation to arrive in better and more reliable results.
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