Impacts of artificial shading on growth and some morphological traits of Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Romaine) cultivated in urban areas
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Abstract
Shade has an impact on the leaf morphology of Romaine lettuces. The shape of the leaves that grow below 80% shade was slimmer and elongated. The effect of etiolation was also clearly visible on the plant canopy at 80% shade. The main stem became slimmer and taller. Dense shade (80%) was proven to inhibit the enlargement process (0.662 cm2/day) and the final size of the leaf area. Also, the leaves became stagnant earlier (7.92 days). The leaf length (L) x leaf width (W) was selected as a predictor in estimating the leaf area (LA). The most reliable model for LA estimation is using a linear regression model with zero intercept LA = 0.6907 LW (R2 = 0.9851). Morphologically, the growth of Romaine lettuces was also hampered in the canopy area, canopy diameter, number of leaves, leaf thickness, main stem length, leaf length, and leaf width. On the other hand, the growth of Romaine lettuces that were exposed to full sunlight increased the weights of stem, leaf and roots. There was a strong positive relationship between the leaf area and some selected parameters such as leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, petiole fresh weight, and petiole dry weight. It is concluded that Romaine lettuce is found to be a type of vegetable that showed intolerant of shade. It is needed additional artificial light to achieve good crop yields and vegetable quality under shady enviroment
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