Arbuscular mycorrhizas in the Larrea divaricata scrubland of the arid “Chaco”, Central Argentina
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization and spore diversity were analyzed, in terms of
seasons, dry and wet period and host species, in an arid secondary scrubland ecosystem
(“Jarillal”) in Central Argentina. Larrea divaricata, dominant in this plant community, was the most colonized species followed by the grass Trichloris crinita (“herbaceous stratum fitness indicator”) whereas the lowest values were found in Sporobolus pyramidatus and
Neobouteloua lophostachya (both of them “disturbance indicators”). Root colonization was
closely related to host role in the community. The AMF diversity was low because of the
disturbed features of “Jarillal” and arid conditions. Spore total density, specific spore density and spore richness were more related to the seasons and water availability than to the host species.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Allen, M.F. (1991). The Ecology of Mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney.
Allen, M.F. (1996). The ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas: a look back into the 20th century and a peek into the 21st. Mycological Research 100: 769-782.
Anderson, R.C., Liberta, A.E., Dickman, L.A. and Katz, A.J. (1983). Spatial variation in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza spore density. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 110: 519-525.
Bentivenga, S.P. and Hetrick, B.A.D. (1992). Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool and warm-season tall grass prairie grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 1596-1602.
Bever, J.D., Morton, J.B., Antonovics, J. and Schultz, P.A. (1996). Host-dependent sporulation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mown grassland. Journal Ecology 84: 71-82.
Biermann, B. and Linderman, R.G. (1981). Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae: proposed method towards standardization. New Phytologist 87: 63-67.
Cabello, M.N. (2001). Mycorrhizas and hydrocarbons. In: Fungi in Bioremediation (ed. G.M. Gadd,). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK: 456-471.
Cabello, M.N., Gaspar, L. and Pollero, R. (1994). Glomus antarcticum sp. nov., a vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from Antarctica. Mycotaxon 51: 123-128.
Cabido, M., Acosta, A., Carranza, M.L. and Díaz, S. (1992). La vegetación del Chaco árido en el W de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Documents Phytosociologiques 14: 447-456.
Cabido, M. and Zak, M.R. (1999). Vegetación del Norte de Córdoba. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería y Recursos Renovables de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina: 1-52.
Clapp, J.P., Young, J.P.W., Merryweather, J.W. and Fitter, A.H. (1995). Diversity of fungal symbionts in arbuscular mycorrhizas from a natural community. New Phytologist 130: 259-265.
DeMars, B.G. and Boerner, R.E.J. (1995). Mycorrhizal dynamics of three woodland herbs of contrasting phenology along topographic gradients. American Journal of Botany 82: 1426-1431.
Dhillion, S.S., Vidiella, P.E., Aquilera, L.E., Friese, C.F., De León, E., Armesto, J.J. and Zak, J.C. (1995). Mycorrhizal plants and fungi in the fog-free Pacific coastal desert of Chile. Mycorrhiza 5: 381-386.
Dickman, L. A., Liberta, A. E. and Anderson, R. C. (1984). Ecological interaction of little bluestem and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Cannadian Journal of Botany 62: 2272-2277.
Ebbers, B.E., Anderson, R.C. and Liberta, A.E. (1987). Aspects of the mycorrhizal ecology of prairie drop seed, Sporobolus heterolepis (Poaceae). American Journal of Botany 74: 564-573.
Francis, R. and Read, D.J. (1994). The contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to the determination of plant community structure. Plant and Soil 159: 11-25.
Gange, A.C., Brown, V.K. and Sinclair, G.S. (1993). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a determinant of plant community structure in early succession. Functional Ecology 7: 616-622.
Gerdemann, J.W. and Nicolson, T.H. (1963). Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 46: 235-244.
Grace, C. and Stribley, D.P. (1991). A safer procedure for routine staining of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycological Research 95: 1160-1162.
Grime, J.P., Mackey, J.M.L., Hillier, S.H. and Read, D.J. (1987). Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosm. Nature 328: 420-422.
Harley, J.L. (1989). The significance of mycorrhiza. Mycological Research 99: 129-139.
Hart, M.M., Reader, R.J. and Klironomos, J.N. (2001). Life-history strategies of arbuscular fungi in relation to their successional dynamics. Mycologia 93: 1186-1194.
Hartnett, D.C., Hetrick, B.A.D., Wilson, G.W.T. and Gibson, D.J. (1993). Mycorrhizal influence on intra- and interspecific neighbor interactions among co-occurring prairie grasses. Journal of Ecology 81: 785-787.
Hetrick, B.A.D., Wilson, G.W.T. and Todd, T.C. (1990). Differential responses of C3 and C4 grasses to mycorrhizal symbiosis, phosphorus fertilization, and soil microorganisms. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 461-467.
Johnson, N.C., Zak, D.R., Tilman, D. and Pfleger, F.L. (1991). Dynamics of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae during old field succession. Oecologia 86: 349-358.
Khan, A.G. (1974). The occurrence of mycorrhizas in halophytes, hydrophytes and xerophytes, and of Endogone spores in adjacent soil. Journal of General Microbiology 81: 7-14.
Lugo, M.A. (1999). Cambios estacionales de endomicorrizas en Gramíneas (Poaceae) C3 y C4 bajo distintas intensidades de pastoreo en pastizales de altura de la zona del centro de Argentina. Ph. D. thesis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
Lugo, M.A., Anton, A.M. and Domínguez De Toledo, L. (1995). Sclerocystis sinuosa (Glomales, Zycomycetes) en cuatro Poaceae argentinas. Kurtziana 24: 145-152.
Lugo, M.A. and Cabello, M.N. (2002). Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from mountain grassland (Córdoba, Argentina) I. Seasonal variation of fungal spore diversity. Mycologia 94: 579-586.
Lugo, M.A., González Maza, M.E. and Cabello, M.N. (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mountain grassland II. Seasonal variation of colonization studied along with its relation to grazing and metabolic host type. Mycologia 95: 407-411.
Marascuilo, L.A. and McSweeney, M. (1977). Post-hoc multiple comparisons in sample preparations for test of homogenesity. In: Non Parametric and Distribution free Methods for the Social Sciences. (eds. M. McSweeney and L.A. Marascuilo) Cole Publisher, CA, USA: 141-147.
McGee, P. (1986). Mycorrhizal associations of plants species in a semiarid community. Australian Journal of Botany 34: 585-593.
McKenney, M.C. and Lindsey, D.L. (1987). Improved methods for quantifying endomycorrhizal fungi spores from soil. Mycologia 79: 779-782.
Miller, R.M. (1979). Some occurrences of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural and disturbed ecosystems of the Red Desert. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 619-623.
Moorman, T. and Reeves, F.B. (1979). The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the semi-arid West. II. A bioassay to determine the effect of land disturbance on endomycorrhizal populations. American Journal of Botany 66: 14-18.
Morton, J.B. (1988). Taxonomy of VA mycorrhizal fungi: classification, nomenclature, and identification. Mycotaxon 32: 267-324.
Newsham, K.K. and Watkinson, A.R. (1998). Arbuscular mycorrhizas and the population biology of grasses. In: Population Biology of Grasses (ed. G. Pcheplick). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 286-310.
Newsham, K.K., Fitter, H.A. and Merryweather, J.W. (1995). Multifunctionality and biodiversity in arbuscular mycorrhizas. Tree 10: 407-411.
Ocampo, J.A., Martín, J. and Hayman, D.S. (1980). Influence of plant interactions on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection. I. Host and non-host plants grown together. New Phytologist 84: 27-35.
Omar, M.B., Bolland, L. and Heather, W.A. (1979). P. V. A. (polyvinyl alcohol). A permanent mounting medium for fungi. Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 13: 31-32.
Pond, E.C., Menge, J.A. and Jarrell, W.M. (1984). Improved growth of tomato in salinized soil by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi collected from saline soils. Mycologia 76: 74-84.
Rathore, V.P. and Singh, H.P. (1995). Quantification and correlation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza propagules with soil properties of some mollisols of northern India. Mycorrhiza 5: 201-203.
Read, D.J. (1991). Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. Experientia 47: 376-391.
Read, D.J. (1998). Plants on the web. Nature 396: 22-23.
Reeves, F.B., Wagner, D., Moorman, T. and Kiel, J. (1979). The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the semi-arid West. I. A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. natural environments. American Journal of Botany 66: 6-13.
Rosendahl, S. and Rosendahl, C.N. (1992). Seasonal variation in occurrence of VA mycorrhizal infection types in a Danish grassland community. In: Mycorrhizas in Ecosystem. (eds. D.J. Read, D.H. Lewis, A.H. Fitter and I.J. Alexander) CAB, Cambridge, UK: 400.
Rossi, B.E. and Villagra, P.E. (2001). Efecto facilitador de Larrea spp. en el monte central: ¿es más importante en un ambiente disturbado? (reserva de Ñacuñán, Mza. Argentina). I
Reunión Binacional de Ecología Chileno-Argentina, Bariloche: 203. Sanders, I.R. and Fitter, A.H. (1992a). Evidence for differential responses between host-fungus combinations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas from a grassland. Mycological Research 96: 415-419.
Sanders, I.R. and Fitter, A.H. (1992b). The ecology and functioning of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in co-existing grassland species. I. Seasonal patterns of mycorrhizal occurrence and morphology. New Phytologist 120: 517-524.
Sieverding, E. (1991). Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza Management in Tropical Agrosystems Deutsche Gessellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). Eschborn, Germany. Sigüenza, C., Espejel, I. and Allen, E.B. (1996). Seasonality of mycorrhizae in coastal sand dunes of Baja California. Mycorrhiza 6: 151-157.
Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. (1997). The symbionts forming VA mycorrhizas. In: Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (eds. S.E. Smith and D.J. Read) Academic Press, London: 11-32.
Staffeldt, E.E. and Vogt, K.B. (1974). Mycorrhizae of Desert. Biome Research Memo. Utah State University, Logan, UT. USA: 7.
Sylvia, D.M. and Williams, S.E. (1992). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and environmental stress. In: Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture (eds. G.J. Bethlenfalvay and R.G. Linderman) American Society of Agronomy Special Publication 54: 101-124.
van der Heijden, M.G.A., Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Moutoglis, P., Steitwolf-Engle, R., Boller, T., Wiemken, A. and Sanders, I.R. (1998). Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396: 69-72.
Varma, A. (1999). Functions and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arid and semiarid soils. In: Mycorrhiza 2nd edition (eds. A. Varma and B. Hock). Springer, Berlin, Germany: 521-556.
Vestberg, M. (1995). Occurrence of some Glomales in Finland. Mycorrhiza 5: 329-336.
Walker, C., Mize, C.W. and McNabb, H.S. (1982). Populations of endogonaceous fungi at two populations in central Iowa. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 2518-2529.
Wilson, G.T.W and Hartnett, D.C. (1997). Effects of mycorrhizae on plant growth and dynamics in experimental tallgrass prairie microcosms. American Journal of Botany 84: 478-482.