Physical and Cooking Properties of Seeds of Two Wild Legume Landraces of Sesbania
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Abstract
Seeds of Sesbania species are known for nutritional, medicinal and industrial applications (e.g. proteins, minerals, fatty acids, carbohydrates, fibre, phenolics, antioxidants and galactomannan). For commercial exploitation of Sesbania, fair knowledge on the physical, mechanical, cooking and functional properties of seeds and kernels are of immense value. Sesbania bispinosa and S. speciosa are well adapted to the mangrove and coastal sand dune ecosystems of the southwest India. The present study compared the physical and cooking properties of seeds of S. bispinosa and S. speciosa grown in the mangroves. The mean seed mass was species-dependent ranging from 7 mg (S. bispinosa) to 14 mg (S. speciosa), which increased three-fold on boiling seeds of S. bispinosa (p<0.001) and 2.5-fold in S. speciosa (p<0.001). The l/b ratio was higher in boiled seeds of S. bispinosa (p<0.01), while it was high in unboiled seeds of S. speciosa (p<0.05). The geometric mean diameter was high in boiled seeds of both species (p<0.001). Seeds showed increased surface area on boiling (p<0.001), but it was opposite for the bulk density (p<0.01). Hydration (p<0.01) and swelling (p<0.001) capacities were increased in boiled seeds. The hydration index (p<0.01) as well as swelling index (p<0.01) were raised in seeds of S. bispinosa on boiling. The minimum cooking time for seeds was 1.5 times higher in S. bispinosa compared to S. speciosa (45 vs. 30 min, respectively) possibly due to higher surface area. The water uptake ratio (p<0.01), moisture absorbed (p<0.01), elongation ratio (p<0.001) and gruel solid loss (p<0.05) were higher in S. bispinosa than S. speciosa. The physical and cooking properties evaluated in this study facilitate selection of genetically suitable landraces or cultivars from different habitats and geographic locations. Commercial exploitation of different Sesbania species along with their seeds are yet to be fully visualized for profitable use in the fields of agriculture, medicine and industry.
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